per

per

synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples & translations of per in English

English Online Dictionary. What means per‎? What does per mean?

Translingual

Symbol

per

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2/B language code for Persian.

English

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /pɜː(ɹ)/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /pɝ/
  • Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)
  • Homophone: purr

Etymology 1

From Latin per (“through, during”), from Proto-Indo-European *per. Doublet of par.

Preposition

per

  1. For each.
  2. To each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units).
  3. (medicine) By the, by means of the, via the, through the.
  4. In accordance with, as per
Usage notes
  • In senses equivalent to "each", per is typically followed by a singular noun phrase with no determiner.
    Take one pill per day, not *Take one pill per a day.
  • The common exception is its use with plural noun phrases, although these are almost always limited to large round numbers such as 100, 1,000, 10,000...
    The abortion rate in the U.S. has dropped since 1980 from nearly 30 per 1,000 women of childbearing age to less than 20.
  • In medical senses, per is followed by the name of an orifice in Latin rather than English.
Synonyms
  • (abbreviation) p, p., /, ⅌ UTF-16 0x214C, introduced in Unicode 4.1.0 (March 2005)
  • an, a
Derived terms
Related terms
  • per- (as in perfect, perfection and perplex)
Translations

Etymology 2

shortening of person, coined by Marge Piercy in Woman on the Edge of Time (1979)

Pronoun

per (third-person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative per, possessive adjective pers, possessive noun pers, reflexive perself)

  1. (rare, nonstandard) They (singular). Gender-neutral neologistic third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
  2. (rare, nonstandard) Them (singular) Neologistic gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, suggested for use in place of him and her.
Synonyms
  • (singular) they
  • ey, e, sie, shi, ze
Hyponyms
  • (as subject): he, she
  • (as object): him, her
Derived terms
  • perself

Adjective

per (not comparable)

  1. (rare, nonstandard) Belonging to per, their (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular possessive adjective, coordinate with gendered his and her.
Synonyms
  • (singular) their
  • eir, hir
Hyponyms
  • his, her
Derived terms
  • pers

See also

  • other attested

Anagrams

  • EPR, ERP, RPE, Rep, Rep., pre, pre-, rep

Aromanian

Alternative forms

  • peru

Etymology 1

From Latin pilus. Compare Romanian păr.

Noun

per m (plural peri)

  1. hair
Related terms
  • piros

Etymology 2

From Latin pirus. Compare Romanian păr.

Noun

per m (plural peri)

  1. pear tree
Related terms
  • pearã

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin per.

Preposition

per

  1. by means of, by way of, by
  2. for
  3. through

Derived terms

Breton

Etymology 1

From Middle Breton per, from Proto-Brythonic *per, a borrowing from Latin pira, plural of pirum. Cognate with Cornish per, Welsh pêr.

Noun

per f (singulative perenn)

  1. pears
Derived terms
  • gwez-per
  • per-douar
  • pereg
  • perenn
  • perenneg
  • perennek
  • perid
  • sistr per

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos. Compare Cornish per, Welsh pair.

Noun

per m (plural perioù)

  1. cauldron
Related terms
  • chaoudouron
  • kaoter
  • pothouarn

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan per, from Latin per, appropriating the senses of Latin prō as well.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [pər]
  • IPA(key): (Valencian) [per]

Preposition

per

  1. through, via: used in indicating the medium through which passage occurs
  2. at, during, in: used in indicating the time at which an event occurs
  3. during, for: used in indicating the duration of time for which an event occurs
  4. because, because of: used in indicating the reason an action was undertaken
  5. (when followed by a verbal noun) used in indicating the activity one intends to do because of an action
  6. by: used in indicating the agent responsible for an action
  7. for each; for every
  8. a, for, per: used in indicating a rate of exchange

Usage notes

  • When the preposition per is followed by a masculine definite article, el sg or els pl, it is contracted with it to the forms pel sg or pels pl respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to per l’ takes precedence over contracting to pel.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “per” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Cimbrian

Etymology 1

From Middle High German bër, from Old High German bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”). Cognate with German Bär, English bear.

Noun

per m

  1. (Luserna) bear

References

  • Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Etymology 2

From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją (“berry”). Cognate with German Beere, English berry.

Noun

per n (plural pern)

  1. (Luserna) berry
Derived terms

References

  • Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Cornish

Etymology

From Middle Cornish per, from Proto-Brythonic *per, a borrowing from Latin pira, plural of pirum. Cognate with Breton per, Welsh pêr.

Noun

per f (singulative peren)

  1. pears

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛr]

Etymology 1

Noun

per

  1. genitive plural of pero

Etymology 2

Verb

per

  1. second-person singular imperative of prát

Danish

Preposition

per (abbreviated pr.)

  1. For each; for every

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -ɛr

Preposition

per

  1. For each; for every; per
  2. by means of

Derived terms

  • per abuis
  • per ongeluk
  • per omgaande

Anagrams

  • rep

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin per.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [per]
  • Audio:
  • Hyphenation: per

Preposition

per

  1. by means of, with
    Li skribis per plumo. ― He wrote with a pen.

See also

  • kun

Finnish

Etymology

From Latin per.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈper/, [ˈpe̞r]
  • Rhymes: -er
  • Syllabification(key): per

Preposition

per (+ nominative)

  1. per (for each, to each)
    Synonyms: kohden, kohti, (ablative case) -lta
    viisi euroa per metri ― five euros per metre
  2. (business, accounting) per (indicating date, due date, date of maturity, etc.)
    Laskumme 1 000 e per 15.6. ― Our invoice for Eur 1,000 due on 15 June
    Tilin saldo per 31.12. ― Account balance on 31 December

Further reading

  • “per”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

German

Pronunciation

Preposition

per (+ accusative or dative)

  1. per, via, by, in acccordance with
    per Gesetz ― according to the law

Usage notes

  • per is followed by a noun in either the accusative or dative case. No semantic distinction is made between the cases here. Examples from Duden: per ersten / erstem Januar, "as of the first of January"; per eingeschriebenen / eingeschriebenem Brief, "by registered letter".

References

  • “per” in Duden online
  • “per” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛr]
  • Hyphenation: per
  • Rhymes: -ɛr

Etymology 1

Back-formation from perel.

Alternative forms

  • pör (dialectal)

Noun

per (plural perek)

  1. (law) action, suit, lawsuit
    Synonyms: eljárás, kereset
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms

Etymology 2

From Latin per (“through”).

Adverb

per

  1. per
    kilométer per óra ― kilometers per hour
  2. (mathematics) divided by
    3/5, három per öt ― 3:5, three divided by five
Derived terms
  • perjel

References

Further reading

  • (action, lawsuit): per in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (per, divided by): per in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto per, English per, French par, Italian per, Spanish por, ultimately from Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *per.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /per/, /pɛɾ/

Preposition

per

  1. by means of, by, with (some means)
    Ilu batis me per bastono. ― He beat me with a stick.
  2. (mathematics) multiplied by, times
    Quar per kin esas duadek. ― Four times five is twenty.
    Un per un esas un. ― One times one is one.

Derived terms

  • per ke (“through the fact that”)

See also

  • da (“by”)
  • kun (“with (in company with)”)

Indonesian

Alternative forms

  • pir (nonstandard)

Etymology 1

From Dutch veer (“feather, spring”), a contraction of veder, from Middle Dutch vedere, from Old Dutch fethara, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). The sense "spring" is derived from the ability of feathers to resume their shape when bent.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛr]
  • Hyphenation: pèr

Noun

pèr (first-person possessive perku, second-person possessive permu, third-person possessive pernya)

  1. spring, a mechanical device made of flexible or coiled material that exerts force and attempts to spring back when bent, compressed, or stretched.
    Synonym: pegas
  2. (colloquial) arc lamp.
    Synonyms: bohlam, bola lampu listrik, lampu busur
Derived terms

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Dutch per, from Latin per (“through, during”), from Proto-Indo-European *per.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpər]
  • Hyphenation: pêr

Preposition

pêr

  1. per,
    1. for each.
      Synonym: tiap
    2. to each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units).
      Synonyms: bagi, demi
    3. by the, by means of the, via the, through the.
      Synonym: dengan
  2. since
    Synonyms: mulai, sejak

Further reading

  • “per” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Etymology

From Latin per, which is the predecessor of French par, Italian per, Spanish par and Spanish pro.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /per/

Preposition

per

  1. through, during, throughout
  2. by (the agency of), through, by means of
  3. per, for each

Italian

Etymology

From Latin per.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /per/
  • Rhymes: -er
  • Hyphenation: per

Preposition

per

  1. for
    Ma io l'ho fatto per te! ― But I did it for you!
    Te lo vendo per appena trecento euro ― I'll sell it you for only three hundred euro
    Ho studiato per tre ore ― I studied for three hours
    Questo è il treno per Londra ― This is the train for London
  2. to (indicates direction)
  3. through
    Sono passato per il centro ― I passed through the center
  4. in or on
    Camminava ansiosamente per la stanza ― He was pacing anxiously about the room
  5. by
    Te lo invio per posta ― I'll send it to you by post
  6. with
  7. as

Usage notes

  • When followed by the definite article, per can be combined with the article to give the following combined forms (old-fashioned, very rarely used, except for pel, pei):

Derived terms

See also

  • pro

References

Anagrams

  • pre-

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin per.

Preposition

per

  1. for
  2. through
  3. in or on
  4. by
  5. with
  6. as

Latin

Alternative forms

  • ꝑ (Mediaeval sigil)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Lithuanian per, Albanian për and English for.

The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /per/, [pɛr]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /per/, [pɛr]

Preposition

per (+ accusative)

  1. through, by means of
  2. throughout, during

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Eastern Romance:
    • Aromanian: pri, pi, pre
    • Romanian: pre, pe, pă, pi
  • Istriot: par
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: per
    • Neapolitan: pe, ppe
    • Sicilian: pi, pri, pir
  • Franco-Provençal: per
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: per
  • Old Occitan:
    • Catalan: per
  • Old French: par
    • Middle French: par
      • French: par
        • → English: par
    • Lorrain: poir
    • Picard: per
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: per
    • Portuguese: per
  • Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: par
  • Rhaeto-Romance:
    • Friulian: par
    • Ladin: per
  • Venetian: par
  • → Danish: per
  • → Dutch: per
  • → English: per
  • → Finnish: per
  • → German: per
  • → Hungarian: per
  • → Norwegian: per
  • → Swedish: per

References

  • “per”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “per”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • per in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[4], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Latvian

Verb

per

  1. inflection of pērt:
    1. second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. third-person plural present indicative
    3. second-person singular imperative
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of pērt
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of pērt

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *peri. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Latin per and English for.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [pʲɛr]

Preposition

per (with accusative)

  1. through
  2. during

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin pilus. Compare Aromanian per, Romanian păr.

Noun

per m

  1. hair

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English pere, peru.

Noun

per

  1. Alternative form of pere (“pear”)

Etymology 2

From Medieval Latin pera.

Noun

per

  1. Alternative form of pere (“bridge pillar”)

Etymology 3

From Old French per.

Noun

per

  1. Alternative form of pere (“peer”)

Adjective

per

  1. Alternative form of pere (“equal”)

Mòcheno

Etymology 1

From Middle High German bër, from Old High German bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”). Cognate with German Bär, English bear.

Noun

per m

  1. bear

Etymology 2

From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją (“berry”). Cognate with German Beere, English berry.

Noun

per n

  1. berry
Derived terms
  • himper
  • schbòrzper
  • eaper

References

  • “per” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin per (related to native for).

Preposition

per (abbreviated pr.)

  1. For each, for every, per.
    Motoren roterer 1000 ganger per minutt. ― The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.
    per porsjon ― for each portion
    per dag ― per day

Synonyms

  • (for each): for hver, i, om

Derived terms

  • per stykk

References

  • “per” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin per (related to native for).

Preposition

per (abbreviated pr.)

  1. For each, for every, per.
    per porsjon ― for each portion
    per dag ― per day

Derived terms

  • per stykk

References

  • “per” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin per, from Proto-Italic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pɛr/
  • Rhymes: -ɛr
  • Syllabification: per

Preposition

per

  1. (literary) forms adverbs from nouns [+nominative]
    Synonym: na

Further reading

  • per in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • per in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romani

Alternative forms

  • pir, poriá

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Armenian փոր (pʻor, “belly, abdomen”). Doublet of pori.

Noun

per f (plural pera)

  1. (anatomy) abdomen, belly

Derived terms

References

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “փոր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
  • Paspati, Alexandre G. (1870) “per”, in Études sur les Tchinghianés; ou, Bohémiens de l'Empire ottoman (in French), Constantinople: Impr. A. Koroméla, page 422

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin per.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /per/

Preposition

per

  1. per, by, through

Swedish

Pronunciation

Preposition

per

  1. For each; for every

Anagrams

  • rep

Volapük

Noun

per (nominative plural pers)

  1. loss

Declension

Derived terms

  • peräd
  • perot
  • perön

Zazaki

Noun

per

  1. page

Bookmark
share
WebDictionary.net is an Free English Dictionary containing information about the meaning, synonyms, antonyms, definitions, translations, etymology and more.

Related Words

wallpapers

wallpaper

upper

temperatures

temperature

Browse the English Dictionary

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

License

This article based on an article on Wiktionary. The list of authors can be seen in the page history there. The original work has been modified. This article is distributed under the terms of this license.