over

over

synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples & translations of over in English

English Online Dictionary. What means over‎? What does over mean?

English

Alternative forms

  • o'er (adverb, preposition)

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/
  • (US) enPR: ō'vər, IPA(key): /ˈoʊ.vɚ/
  • Rhymes: -əʊvə(ɹ)
  • Hyphenation: o‧ver

Etymology 1

From Middle English over, from Old English ofer, from Proto-West Germanic *obar, from Proto-Germanic *uber (“over”), from Proto-Indo-European *upér, a comparative form of *upo.

Akin to Dutch over, German ober, über, Danish over, Norwegian over, Swedish över, Icelandic yfir, Faroese yvir, Gothic 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂 (ufar), Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Albanian upri (“group of peasants”), Sanskrit उपरि (upári). Doublet of uber, super, and hyper.

Adjective

over (not comparable)

  1. Discontinued; ended or concluded.
  2. (informal, of an ongoing situation) Hopeless; irrecoverable.
  3. (botany) Of a flower: wilting or withering.
  4. (professional wrestling slang) Of a wrestler: generating a reaction from fans.
Usage notes

Not normally used attributively (before a noun). (Attributive use occurs rarely in informal language, e.g. "an over relationship".)

"Over" as a first element in British place names can mean "upper" or "higher", apparently from Old English ufera or uferra.

Derived terms
  • game over
  • overness
Translations

Adverb

over (not comparable)

  1. Thoroughly; completely; from beginning to end.
  2. (often in compounds) To an excessive degree; overly.
  3. From an upright position to a horizontal one.
  4. Horizontally; left to right or right to left.
  5. From one side of something to another, passing above it.
  6. From one position or state to another.
  7. Overnight (throughout the night).
  8. (US, usually with do) Again; another time; once more; over again.
Derived terms
  • leftover
Translations

Noun

over (plural overs)

  1. (cricket) A set of six legal balls bowled.
  2. Any surplus amount of money, goods delivered, etc.
Translations

Preposition

over

  1. Expressing spatial relationship.
    1. On top of; above; higher than; further up.
    2. Across or spanning.
    3. In such a way as to cover.
    4. From one physical position to another via an obstacle that must be traversed vertically, first upwards and then downwards.
    5. (figurative) Transmitted using a particular medium
  2. Expressing comparison.
    1. More than; to a greater degree.
    2. Beyond; past; exceeding; too much or too far.
    3. (in certain collocations) As compared to.
  3. Indicating relative status, authority, or power
  4. (mathematics) Divided by.
    Synonym: (uncommon) on
  5. (poker) Separates the three of a kind from the pair in a full house.
    9♦9♠9♣6♥6♠ = nines over sixes
  6. Finished with; done with; from one state to another via a hindrance that must be solved or defeated; or via a third state that represents a significant difference from the first two.
  7. While using, especially while consuming.
  8. Concerning or regarding.
  9. Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of; notwithstanding.
  10. Expressing causation; due to, as the result of
Usage notes

When used in the context of "from one location to another", over implies that the two places are at approximately the same height or the height difference is not relevant. For example, if two offices are on the same floor of a building, an office worker might say I'll bring that over for you, while if the offices were on different floors, the sentence would likely be I'll bring that up [down] for you. However, distances are not constrained, e.g. He came over from England last year and now lives in Los Angeles or I moved the stapler over to the other side of my desk.

Derived terms
  • ride roughshod over
Translations

Interjection

over

  1. (procedure word, military) A radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and is expecting a response.
  2. Instructs the reader to turn the page and continue reading the other side.
  3. (obsolete, slang) Short for over the left shoulder (“expressing disbelief etc.”).
Coordinate terms
  • (radio procedure word): out
Derived terms
  • (radio procedure word): over and out
Translations

Verb

over (third-person singular simple present overs, present participle overing, simple past and past participle overed)

  1. (UK, transitive, dialect, obsolete) To go over, or jump over.
  2. (UK, intransitive, dialect, obsolete) To run about.
Derived terms

References

  • Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The semantic network for over", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Etymology 2

From Middle English over (“riverbank, seashore, brink”), from Old English ōfer (“riverbank, seashore, brink, edge, margin, border”), from Proto-Germanic *ōferaz. Cognate with Dutch oever (“riverbank, shore”), German Ufer (“shore, shoreline, riverbank”), Low German Över (“shore, riverbank”).

Noun

over (plural overs)

  1. (rare, dialectal or obsolete) A shore, riverbank.
Usage notes

Now mostly found in place names, as in Westover or Overton, Hampshire (a town built on the River Test). Fell out of use in the 16th century.

References
  • A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
  • The Middle English Dictionary

Anagrams

  • -vore, Vore, rove, vore

Chinese

Etymology

From English over. Compare Japanese オーバー (ōbā).

Pronunciation

Adjective

over

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Taiwanese Mandarin) over the top; extreme; overdone

Verb

over

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Taiwanese Mandarin) to go too far; to exceed; to go overboard
  2. (Taiwanese Mandarin) to game over; to fail

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse yfir.

Preposition

over

  1. above
  2. past an hour

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ofar.

Adverb

over

  1. across
  2. asunder; in two
    Vil du skære bollen over? ― Would you cut the bun in two?

Etymology 3

Shortening of overkrydder.

Noun

over c (singular definite overen, plural indefinite overe)

  1. (informal) The upper curved portion of a roll or a similar food.
    Jeg foretrækker overen.
    I prefer the top slice.
Inflection
Antonyms
  • under
Derived terms
  • overkrydder

Etymology 4

Borrowed from English over.

Noun

over c (singular definite overen, plural indefinite overe or overs)

  1. (cricket) A set of six legal balls bowled, an over.
Inflection

References

  • “over” in Den Danske Ordbog
  • “over,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
  • “over,3” in Den Danske Ordbog
  • “over,4” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ōver, from Old Dutch *ovar, from Proto-West Germanic *obar, from Proto-Germanic *uber, from Proto-Indo-European *upér, from *upo. Compare German ober, English over.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈoː.vər/
  • Hyphenation: over
  • Rhymes: -oːvər

Adverb

over

  1. over, above
  2. (postpositional) over (implying motion)
  3. remaining, left over
  4. passing by, going away
  5. denotes an imitative action; again, once again
    Ik schrijf je brief over.
    I will transcribe your letter.

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “over”): onder

Derived terms

Related terms

  • over-

Descendants

  • → Indonesian: oper

Preposition

over

  1. over
  2. about, concerning

Declension

Derived terms

  • overheen

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: oor
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: ofru
  • Javindo: ofer
  • Jersey Dutch: ôver
  • Negerhollands: over, aobu, obu, ovoor
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: over, ofer
  • → Caribbean Javanese: oper, ngoper
  • → Papiamentu: ofer, over

Interjection

over

  1. (procedure word, military) over (a radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and is expecting a response.)

Derived terms

  • over en uit
  • over, uit en sluiten maar

Anagrams

  • rove, Voer, voer

Indonesian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch over. Doublet of oper.

Adverb

over

  1. passing by, going away
    Synonym: lewat

Verb

over

  1. Alternative spelling of oper

Further reading

  • “over” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Verb

over

  1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of ovō

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch over, from Proto-West Germanic *obar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɔːvər/

Preposition

ōver

  1. over, above
    Antonym: onder
  2. across
  3. towards
  4. during
  5. ago, some duration in the past
  6. after, following (a duration)
  7. about, concerning
  8. due to, because of

Descendants

  • Dutch: over
    • → Indonesian: oper
  • Limburgish: euver

Adverb

ōver

  1. over
  2. across, on the other side
  3. plenty, more than enough
  4. used up, finished
  5. once again

Descendants

  • Dutch: over
  • Limburgish: euver

Further reading

  • “over (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “over (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “over (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Alternative forms

  • ouver, ower, ove
  • ofer, offr (Early Middle English)
  • our, owr (chiefly northern)

Etymology

From Old English ofer, from Proto-West Germanic *obar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɔːvər/, /ˈɔvər/

Preposition

over

  1. above

Descendants

  • English: over
  • Geordie English: ower
  • Scots: ower
  • Yola: ower, oer, owr

References

  • “ō̆ver, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Old Saxon ovar, from Proto-West Germanic *obar, from Proto-Germanic *uber, and Old Saxon *uvir from Proto-Germanic *ubiri.

Pronunciation

  • Stem vowel: ō² or ȫ¹ or ȫ²
    • (originally) IPA(key): /ʊɒvər/, /ʏəvər/, /ʏœvər/

Preposition

ōver or ȫver

  1. (accusative) across, moving through or over something
    over dat rode mêr - across the Red Sea
  2. (accusative) across, moving to the other side of something
  3. (accusative) in, across, describing the spread of something
    over alle lant - all across the lands / in every land
  4. (dative) across, situated on the other side of
    over deme watere - across the water
  5. (dative) while, over the duration of
    over deme werke begripen - while working on something
  6. (dative) over, at, on, on top of, describing where something is situated; does not mean above
    over deme dische - at the table

Usage notes

It is not clear whether the umlaut was connected with semantic differences.

Alternative forms

  • aver

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “over”): under

Adverb

ōver or ȫver

  1. across, on the other side
  2. while
  3. on top of, additionally
  4. over (finished, ceased)

Usage notes

It is not clear whether the umlaut was connected with semantic differences.

Alternative forms

  • aver

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “over”): under

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse yfir.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈoːʋəɾ/

Preposition

over

  1. above
  2. past
  3. over; more than

Adverb

over

  1. over
  2. across

Derived terms

References

  • “over” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse yfir.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈoːʋɛr/, /ˈoːʋər/

Preposition

over

  1. above
  2. past
  3. over; more than

Adverb

over

  1. over
  2. across

Derived terms

References

  • “over” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Zazaki

Pronoun

over

  1. opposite

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This article based on an article on Wiktionary. The list of authors can be seen in the page history there. The original work has been modified. This article is distributed under the terms of this license.