so

so

synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples & translations of so in English

English Online Dictionary. What means so‎? What does so mean?

Translingual

Symbol

so

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Somali.

See also

  • Wiktionary's coverage of Somali terms

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English so, swo, zuo, swa, swe, from Old English swā, swǣ, swē (so, as, the same, such, that), from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (so), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate with Scots sae (so), Saterland Frisian so (so), West Frisian sa (so), Dutch zo (so), German Low German so (so), German so (so), Danish (so), Norwegian Nynorsk so (so), Swedish (so, such that), Faroese so (so), Icelandic svo (so), Old Latin suad (so), Albanian sa (how much, so, as), Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, as), Urdu سو (, hence).

Pronunciation

  • (UK) enPR: , IPA(key): /səʊ/
  • (US) IPA(key): /soʊ/
  • (Local Dublin) IPA(key): /sʌo/
  • (Canada) IPA(key): [soː]
  • Homophones: seau, sew, soe, soh, soy (some non-standard dialects); sow (sense 2)
  • Rhymes: -əʊ

Conjunction

so

  1. Reduced form of 'so that', used to express purpose; in order that.
  2. With the result that; for that reason; therefore.
  3. (informal) Used as a sentence-starting filler or introductory word with no particular meaning.
    Hypernyms: I mean, like, well, you know
    “Where were you born?”So I was born in London.”
  4. Used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question.
  5. Used to introduce a rhetorical question.
  6. (archaic) Provided that; on condition that; as long as.
Usage notes

Chiefly in North American use, a comma or pause is often used before the conjunction when used in the sense with the result that. (A similar meaning can often be achieved by using a semicolon or colon (without the so), as for example: He drank the poison; he died.)

The apparently meaningless use of "so" to begin sentences, such as replies to questions, where there is no relevant sense of "in order that" or "for that reason", has become increasingly common over the early part of the 21st century, and has been widely described as irritating. [4][5][6][7][8].

Synonyms
  • (in order that): so that, that
Translations

Adverb

so (not comparable)

  1. To the (explicitly stated) extent that.
  2. To the (implied) extent.
  3. Very (positive or negative clause).
  4. Very much.
    1. (informal) at all (negative clause).
  5. In a particular manner.
    • 1963, Mike Hawker, Ivor Raymonde (music and lyrics), Dusty Springfield (vocalist), I Only Want to Be with You (single),
      Don′t know what it is that makes me love you so, / I only know I never want to let you go.
  6. In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned; likewise, also.
  7. (with as): To such an extent or degree; as.
Usage notes
  • Use of so in the sense to the implied extent is discouraged in formal writing; spoken intonation which might render the usage clearer is not usually apparent to the reader, who might reasonably expect the extent to be made explicit. For example, the reader may expect He is so good to be followed by an explanation or consequence of how good he is. Devices such as use of underscoring and the exclamation mark may be used as a means of clarifying that the implicit usage is intended; capitalising SO is also used. The derivative subsenses very and very much are similarly more apparent with spoken exaggerated intonation.
  • The difference between so and very in implied-extent usage is that very is more descriptive or matter-of-fact, while so indicates more emotional involvement. For example, she is very clever is a simple statement of opinion; she is so clever suggests admiration. Likewise, that is very typical is a simple statement; that is SO typical of him! is an indictment. A formal (and reserved) apology may be expressed I am very sorry, but after elbowing someone in the nose during a basketball game, a man might say, Dude, I am so sorry! in order to ensure that it's understood as an accident.
Synonyms
  • (very): really, truly, that, very
  • (to a particular extent): that, this, yea
  • (in a particular manner): like this, thus
  • (slang: very much): really, truly, very much
Derived terms
Translations
References

Adjective

so (comparative more so, superlative most so)

  1. As what was or will be mentioned.
  2. In that state or manner; with that attribute. A proadjective that replaces the aforementioned adjective phrase.
  3. (dated, UK, slang) Homosexual.
Synonyms
  • (true): correct, right, true
  • (euphemistic: homosexual): musical, one of the family, one of them, that way inclined
Derived terms
  • make it so
  • more so
Translations

Interjection

so

  1. Used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic.
    Synonyms: look, well, see, hey
  2. Used as a question to ask for further explanation of something said, often rhetorically or in a dismissive or impolite manner.
  3. Used as a meaningless filler word to begin a response to a question.
  4. (archaic) Be as you are; stand still; used especially to cows; also used by sailors.
Usage notes

Though certain uses of "sentence-initial so" had been common for a long time, the perceived excessive use of the word at the start of sentences, such as at the start of answers to questions, became controversial in the 2010s, being described as "annoying".

Translations

Etymology 2

Pronoun

so

  1. Abbreviation of someone.
Synonyms
  • sb (somebody)

Etymology 3

Shortened from sol, to make it an open syllable for uniformity with the rest of the scale, from Glover's solmization, from Middle English sol (fifth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales), Italian sol in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin solve (wash away) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

Noun

so (plural sos)

  1. (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the fifth note of a major scale.
Translations

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Japanese (so).

Noun

so (uncountable)

  1. (foods) A type of dairy product, made especially in Japan between the seventh and 10th centuries, by reducing milk by boiling it.

See also

  • So (dairy product) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Another photo of so at Wikicommons

Further reading

  • “so”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
  • “so”, in The Century Dictionary [], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

References

See also

  • ah so

Anagrams

  • -os, -os-, O&S, O's, O. S., O.S., OS, OS., Os, o's, o.s., os, os-

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

  • soe (Western Cape)

Etymology

From Dutch zo, from Middle Dutch , from Old Dutch , from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from a merger of Proto-Germanic *swa and *swē.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sʊə̯/

Adverb

so

  1. so, like that/this, thus (in such a way)
  2. so, that, to such an extent

Derived terms

  • sodat

Äiwoo

Verb

so

  1. To stand (to be in a standing position).

References

  • Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007) “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, number 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

Asturian

Etymology 1

From Latin sub.

Preposition

so

  1. (West) under
  2. (Center and East) on
Derived terms
  • sol

Etymology 2

From Latin suus (his, her, its).

Adjective

so m sg (feminine singular so, neuter singular so, masculine plural sos, feminine plural sos)

  1. his, her, its
  2. your (polite)
  3. their

Pronoun

so

  1. his, hers
  2. yours (polite)

Related terms

  • suyu

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

  • soi

Verb

so

  1. first-person singular present indicative of ser

Bambara

Etymology 1

Noun

so (tone )

  1. horse
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

so

  1. house, home
Derived terms

Basque

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /s̺o/ [s̺o]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: so

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

so (not comparable)

  1. (chiefly Northern) [with dative or allative] looking at

Noun

so inan

  1. (chiefly Northern) look, gaze
Declension
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Interjection

so

  1. whoa
    Synonyms: iso, esti

Further reading

  • “so”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
  • “so”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Brokskat

Pronoun

so

  1. he

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan so~son, from Latin sonus. Compare Occitan son, French son, Spanish sueno.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsɔ]

Noun

so m (plural sons)

  1. sound
Related terms
  • sonar
  • sònic

Etymology 2

Back-formation from sons (plural). Compare Spanish sueño, Portuguese sono, from Latin somnus.

Alternative forms

  • son (standard)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsɔ]

Noun

so m (plural sons)

  1. (Tarragon, Mallorca, Menorca) sleep
Related terms
  • sonar
  • sònic

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

  • (pre-2016 spelling)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈso]

Verb

so (archaic, Central, Northwest Catalan, Alghero)

  1. first-person singular present indicative of ésser
  2. first-person singular present indicative of ser
Usage notes
  • This form is still used in certain dialects, such as Algherese.

Etymology 4

Alternative forms

  • s' (after amb or sometimes en, before a vowel)
  • es (not after amb or sometimes en)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈso/, /ˈsu/

Article

so

  1. (Mallorca, Ibiza) Alternative form of es (the, masculine singular) (used after amb (with) and sometimes en (in), before a consonant)
    Va anar-hi amb so cotxe.He went there with the car.

References

  • “so” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “so”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
  • “so” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “so” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Chinese

Etymology 1

From clipping of English jetso, from Cantonese 著數着数 (zoek6 sou3).

Pronunciation

Noun

so

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) benefit; advantage; bargain; discount

Adjective

so

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) bargain; advantageous

Quotations

  • For quotations using this term, see Citations:so.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from socialise?”)

Alternative forms

  • show, , ,

Pronunciation

Verb

so

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to respond; to pay attention to

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

so

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, in compounds) Alternative form of soc (society)

References

Corsican

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin sum, from Latin suum, from Proto-Italic *sowos, from Proto-Indo-European *sewos. Cognates include Italian suo and French son.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈso/

Determiner

so

  1. his, her, their

Usage notes

  • so is preceded by a definite article (u, a, i, e or l'):
    U so libru.His book.
  • Unlike its French or Italian cognates, so does not decline, either by gender or number:
    U so libru, i so libri.His book, his books.

References

  • “so” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈsobota]

Noun

so ?

  1. Abbreviation of sobota (Saturday).

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sýr, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *sū-.

Noun

so c (singular definite soen, plural indefinite søer)

  1. sow (female pig)
  2. (derogatory) slut

Declension

References

  • “so” in Den Danske Ordbog

Elfdalian

Etymology

From Old Norse svá, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē. Cognate with Swedish .

Adverb

so

  1. so, like that, in that manner
  2. so, to such a degree

Esperanto

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [so]
  • Hyphenation: so

Noun

so (accusative singular so-on, plural so-oj, accusative plural so-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

See also

  • (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse svá, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (so), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /soː/
  • Rhymes: -oː
  • Homophone: soð

Adverb

so (not comparable)

  1. so, thus, as
  2. then

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈso(ː)/, [ˈs̠o̞(ː)]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation(key): so

Interjection

so

  1. Alternative form of soo

Further reading

  • so”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[10] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Folopa

Alternative forms

  • sou

Noun

so

  1. woman

References

  • Karl James Franklin, Pacific Linguistics (1973, →ISBN, page 130: Polopa so/sou woman, cf. DAR sou female animal but we woman.
  • Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 15: Boro, Suri, Tebera sou, Sopese šo
  • Carol Anderson, Beginning Folopa Language Lessons and Simple Glossary (2010) (as so)

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin suus.

Pronoun

so (third-person singular possessive of masculine singular, of feminine singular , of masculine plural siei, of feminine plural sôs)

  1. (used attributively) his, her, its; of his, hers, its
  2. (used predicatively) his, hers, its
  3. (used substantively) his, hers, its; the thing belonging to him, her,it

See also

  • gno
  • lôr
  • nestri
  • to
  • vuestri

Galician

Alternative forms

  • su

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese so, su, sob, from Latin sub.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sʊ]

Preposition

so

  1. under, beneath

References

  • Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (20062022) “so”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
  • Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (20062013), “so”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

German

Etymology

From Middle High German , from Old High German , from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē, compare with Old Dutch so and Dutch zo.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /zoː/ (prescriptive standard)
  • IPA(key): /soː/, /sɔ/ (Austria)
  • Rhymes: -oː

Adverb

so

  1. so, such, that
    Die Leute sind so nett.People are so nice.
    Dieser Hammer ist nicht so gut.This hammer is not that good.
    Das ist so eine gute Idee!That is such a good idea!
    so und sosuch and such
  2. as (followed by an adjective or adverb plus wie in a statement of equality)
    Er rennt so schnell wie der Blitz.He runs as fast as lightning.
  3. thus, like this/that, in this/that way, in this/that manner
  4. then (in that case)
    Wirst du wieder gesund, so freue ich mich.If you get healthy again, then I'll be happy.
  5. (colloquial) expletive; sometimes intensifying, sometimes with no noticeable meaning

Derived terms

  • einfach so

Conjunction

so

  1. (coordinating) thus, so, pursuant to the aforementioned premises
  2. (subordinating, chiefly archaic, sometimes law and regional) an, if
    Synonyms: falls, im Falle dass, wenn
    So es Euch beliebt.If it pleases you.

Particle

so

  1. (colloquial) quotative particle, somewhat similar to be like but also combinable with other verbs

Usage notes

  • This quotation particle can be combined with a number of verbs but, somewhat unusually, it doesn't require the clause to contain any predicate at all. In such cases, the meaning is roughly that of to say in the past tense.

Pronoun

so

  1. (obsolete, relative) that, which, who
    (Augsburger Bekenntnis)

Synonyms

  • wo
  • der
  • welcher

Interjection

so

  1. (colloquial) a discourse marker in the beginning of a sentence indicating a topic having been dealt with and another being tackled
    Synonyms: tamam, okay, in Ordnung, fein, gut

Further reading

  • “so” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • Friedrich Kluge (1883) “so”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

Gothic

Romanization

  1. Romanization of 𐍃𐍉

Indonesian

Adverb

so

  1. Alternative form of sok

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sˠɔ/

Determiner

so

  1. Munster form of seo (used after a word ending in a velarized ("broad") consonant)

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “so”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Nashimoto, Kuninao (2020) “so”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス アイルランド語 [Nyūekusupuresu Purasu Airurando-go, New Express Irish] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, pages 17–19


Italian

Alternative forms

  • (misspelling)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɔ‿|| ˈsɔ/

Verb

so

  1. first-person singular present indicative of sapere (I know)
    Non lo so.I don't know (it).
    Lo so io!(But) I do (know it)!

References

  • so in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Derived from English so.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /so/

Conjunction

so

  1. so

Particle

so

  1. emphasis particle

Japanese

Romanization

so

  1. The hiragana syllable (so) or the katakana syllable (so) in Hepburn romanization.

Ladino

Verb

so (Latin spelling)

  1. first-person singular present indicative of ser

Louisiana Creole

Etymology

Borrowed from English so.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /so/
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Homophone:

Interjection

so

  1. so (discourse particle) (clarification of this definition is needed)

Luxembourgish

Verb

so

  1. second-person singular imperative of soen

Mauritian Creole

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /so/

Etymology 1

From French son.

Pronoun

so

  1. (possessive) his, her, its, one's

Etymology 2

From French chaud.

Adjective

so

  1. hot, warm.
Antonyms
  • fre

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch , from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /zoː/

Adverb

  1. so, like that, in that manner
  2. so, to such a degree
  3. (so ... alse) as
  4. then, in that case
  5. so, therefore

Conjunction

  1. if, in the case that
  2. like, as
  3. (so ... so) both ... and

Descendants

  • Dutch: zo
  • Limburgish: zoe, zoea

Etymology 2

Weakened form of soe.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /zoː/, /zo/

Pronoun

  1. (chiefly Flemish) Alternative form of si (she)

Further reading

  • “so (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “so (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “so”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English swā, from Proto-West Germanic *swā.

Alternative forms

  • swo
  • zo (Kent)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɔː/

Adverb

so

  1. so
Descendants
  • English: so
  • Geordie English: se
  • Scots: sae
  • Yola: zo, zoo, sae
References
  • “sō, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Pronoun

so

  1. (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of sche

North Moluccan Malay

Alternative forms

  • su

Etymology

From Malay sudah.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɔ/
  • (in fast speech) IPA(key): /sɔ̆/, /sɔ̥/

Verb

so

  1. perfective aspect, indicating that the process has been accomplished

Northern Sami

Etymology

Borrowed from Norwegian .

Pronunciation

Adverb

so

  1. so, then, in that case
  2. so, to this or that extent

Further reading

  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[12], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Norwegian so, svo, from Old Norse svá, from Proto-Indo-European *swa. Akin to English so.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /suː/

Adverb

so

  1. so
  2. that
  3. as
  4. then

Conjunction

so

  1. so

References

  • “so” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan so, from Latin ipsum.

Article

so (feminine sa, masculine plural sos, feminine plural sas)

  1. Alternative form of lo (rare)

Usage notes

  • In the Provençal dialect, the masculine and feminine plural is sei.

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.

Adverb

  1. so, like that, in that manner

Descendants

  • Middle Dutch:
    • Dutch: zo
    • Limburgish: zoe, zoea

Further reading

  • “sō (I)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • sa, se, sea, seo, siu

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *so (this), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /so/

Determiner

so

  1. this (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
    ind epistil sothis epistle

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Irish: seo
  • Scottish Gaelic: seo
  • Manx: shoh

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.

Adverb

  1. so, like that, in that manner

Pali

Alternative forms

Pronoun

so

  1. he, it

Adjective

so

  1. masculine nominative singular of ta (that)

Phalura

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit स ; सो (sa ; so, nom.sg.masc pron. and pronom. adj. he, that).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /so/

Determiner

so (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡ)

  1. the
  2. that (agr: rem nom masc)

References

  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “so”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[13], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “so”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /so/

Pronoun

so (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡ)

  1. it
  2. he (rem masc nom)

References

  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “so”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[14], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Rawa

Noun

so

  1. grass

References

  • Norma Toland, Donald Toland, Reference Grammar of the Karo/Rawa Language (1991)

Romagnol

Verb

so (Faenza)

  1. first-person singular present indicative of ësar (to be)

Romani

Pronoun

so

  1. what?

References

Rwanda-Rundi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *có.

Noun

 class 1a (plural bāsó class 2a)

  1. your father
  2. your paternal uncle

Sardinian

Verb

so

  1. first-person singular present indicative of èssere

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

Reduced form of seo.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /s̪ɔ/

Pronoun

so

  1. Obsolete form of -sa.
  2. Obsolete form of seo.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English so

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /s̪o/

Conjunction

so

  1. (colloquial, informal) so, therefore
Usage notes
  • Highly colloquial and English-influenced; forms such as mar sin are preferred in higher registers.

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

  • sȏl (Croatia)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *solь, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂ls.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sôː/

Noun

 f (Cyrillic spelling со̑)

  1. (Bosnia, Serbia) salt

Declension

Slavomolisano

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian so.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /so/

Noun

so m

  1. salt

Declension

References

  • Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale).

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /zo/, (with mnou) /so/

Preposition

so [with instrumental]

  1. Alternative form of s

Usage notes

  • Used when the next word begins with s, z, š or ž or with a consonant cluster containing one of these consonants. It is also used with the pronoun mnou (me).

Further reading

  • “so”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Slovene

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɔ́/

Verb

  1. third-person plural present of bíti

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈso/ [ˈso]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Syllabification: so

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sub, from Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo.

Preposition

so

  1. (archaic) under
Usage notes
  • So is very rare in modern Spanish, surviving only in certain expressions, including so pena de (on pain of, under penalty of), so pretexto de or so color de (under pretext of), a so capa (secretly, with bribery).

Etymology 2

Contraction of señor (Sir).

Pronoun

so

  1. (emphatic, derogatory) you
    ¡So tonto!You blithering idiot!
    ¡So borrachos!You bloody drunks!

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English so.

Interjection

so

  1. (US, Puerto Rico, Philippines, El Salvador) so

Etymology 4

Interjection

so

  1. whoa!

Further reading

  • “so”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish (Old Icelandic/Norwegian sýr), from Old East Norse *sōʀ, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *sū-. Compare the identical ko (Old Icelandic/Norwegian kýr, Old Swedish ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /suː/
  • Homophone: zoo

Noun

so c

  1. (rare) sow (female pig)

Usage notes

  • The more common synonym is sugga, especially for the plural form.

Declension

Synonyms

  • sugga

Anagrams

  • OS, os

Tok Pisin

Etymology 1

From English saw.

Noun

so

  1. saw

Etymology 2

From English show.

Noun

so

  1. show

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *soo.

Noun

so

  1. swamp, marsh, bog

Inflection

Derived terms

  • sohein
  • sokesk

References

  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “болото”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[15], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [sɔ˧˧]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂɔ˧˧] ~ [sɔ˧˧]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʂɔ˧˧] ~ [sɔ˧˧]

Etymology 1

Verb

so

  1. (transitive) To compare.
    Synonym: so sánh
    So với bạn thì nó cao hơn.Compared to his friend, he is taller.
  2. (transitive) To pair up.
    so đũato pair up chopsticks
  3. (intransitive) To straighten one's shoulders, as if to compare one's height to another's.
See also
  • sánh

Etymology 2

Compare  (, “first”).

Adjective

so

  1. firstborn
    con sofirstborn child
    chửa con soto be pregnant for the first time
    trứng gà soa chicken's first egg (usually a small egg)
Derived terms
  • con so

Etymology 3

Noun

(classifier con) so

  1. mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)
See also
  • sam

Volapük

Adverb

so

  1. so

Welsh

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /soː/
  • Rhymes: -oː

Verb

so (not mutable)

  1. (South Wales) inflection of bod:
    1. second/third-person singular present negative colloquial
    2. first/second/third-person plural present negative colloquial

Usage notes

Unlike other negative verb forms, this form—and sa, which is used for the first-person singular—is not complemented by ddim after the subject.

Xhosa

Pronoun

-so

  1. Combining stem of sona.

Zulu

Pronoun

-so

  1. Combining stem of sona.

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