English Online Dictionary. What means so? What does so mean?
Translingual
Symbol
so
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Somali.
See also
- Wiktionary's coverage of Somali terms
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English so, swo, zuo, swa, swe, from Old English swā, swǣ, swē (“so, as, the same, such, that”), from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate with Scots sae (“so”), Saterland Frisian so (“so”), West Frisian sa (“so”), Dutch zo (“so”), German Low German so (“so”), German so (“so”), Danish så (“so”), Norwegian Nynorsk so (“so”), Swedish så (“so, such that”), Faroese so (“so”), Icelandic svo (“so”), Old Latin suad (“so”), Albanian sa (“how much, so, as”), Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, “as”), Urdu سو (sō, “hence”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) enPR: sō, IPA(key): /səʊ/
- (US) IPA(key): /soʊ/
- (Local Dublin) IPA(key): /sʌo/
- (Canada) IPA(key): [soː]
- Homophones: seau, sew, soe, soh, soy (some non-standard dialects); sow (sense 2)
- Rhymes: -əʊ
Conjunction
so
- Reduced form of 'so that', used to express purpose; in order that.
- With the result that; for that reason; therefore.
- (informal) Used as a sentence-starting filler or introductory word with no particular meaning.
- Hypernyms: I mean, like, well, you know
- “Where were you born?” ― “So I was born in London.”
- Used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question.
- Used to introduce a rhetorical question.
- (archaic) Provided that; on condition that; as long as.
Usage notes
Chiefly in North American use, a comma or pause is often used before the conjunction when used in the sense with the result that. (A similar meaning can often be achieved by using a semicolon or colon (without the so), as for example: He drank the poison; he died.)
The apparently meaningless use of "so" to begin sentences, such as replies to questions, where there is no relevant sense of "in order that" or "for that reason", has become increasingly common over the early part of the 21st century, and has been widely described as irritating. [4][5][6][7][8].
Synonyms
- (in order that): so that, that
Translations
Adverb
so (not comparable)
- To the (explicitly stated) extent that.
- To the (implied) extent.
- Very (positive or negative clause).
- Very much.
- (informal) at all (negative clause).
- In a particular manner.
- 1963, Mike Hawker, Ivor Raymonde (music and lyrics), Dusty Springfield (vocalist), I Only Want to Be with You (single),
- Don′t know what it is that makes me love you so, / I only know I never want to let you go.
- 1963, Mike Hawker, Ivor Raymonde (music and lyrics), Dusty Springfield (vocalist), I Only Want to Be with You (single),
- In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned; likewise, also.
- (with as): To such an extent or degree; as.
Usage notes
- Use of so in the sense to the implied extent is discouraged in formal writing; spoken intonation which might render the usage clearer is not usually apparent to the reader, who might reasonably expect the extent to be made explicit. For example, the reader may expect He is so good to be followed by an explanation or consequence of how good he is. Devices such as use of underscoring and the exclamation mark may be used as a means of clarifying that the implicit usage is intended; capitalising SO is also used. The derivative subsenses very and very much are similarly more apparent with spoken exaggerated intonation.
- The difference between so and very in implied-extent usage is that very is more descriptive or matter-of-fact, while so indicates more emotional involvement. For example, she is very clever is a simple statement of opinion; she is so clever suggests admiration. Likewise, that is very typical is a simple statement; that is SO typical of him! is an indictment. A formal (and reserved) apology may be expressed I am very sorry, but after elbowing someone in the nose during a basketball game, a man might say, Dude, I am so sorry! in order to ensure that it's understood as an accident.
Synonyms
- (very): really, truly, that, very
- (to a particular extent): that, this, yea
- (in a particular manner): like this, thus
- (slang: very much): really, truly, very much
Derived terms
Translations
References
Adjective
so (comparative more so, superlative most so)
- As what was or will be mentioned.
- In that state or manner; with that attribute. A proadjective that replaces the aforementioned adjective phrase.
- (dated, UK, slang) Homosexual.
Synonyms
- (true): correct, right, true
- (euphemistic: homosexual): musical, one of the family, one of them, that way inclined
Derived terms
- make it so
- more so
Translations
Interjection
so
- Used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic.
- Synonyms: look, well, see, hey
- Used as a question to ask for further explanation of something said, often rhetorically or in a dismissive or impolite manner.
- Used as a meaningless filler word to begin a response to a question.
- (archaic) Be as you are; stand still; used especially to cows; also used by sailors.
Usage notes
Though certain uses of "sentence-initial so" had been common for a long time, the perceived excessive use of the word at the start of sentences, such as at the start of answers to questions, became controversial in the 2010s, being described as "annoying".
Translations
Etymology 2
Pronoun
so
- Abbreviation of someone.
Synonyms
- sb (“somebody”)
Etymology 3
Shortened from sol, to make it an open syllable for uniformity with the rest of the scale, from Glover's solmization, from Middle English sol (“fifth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian sol in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin solve (“wash away”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.
Noun
so (plural sos)
- (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the fifth note of a major scale.
Translations
Etymology 4
Borrowed from Japanese 蘇 (so).
Noun
so (uncountable)
- (foods) A type of dairy product, made especially in Japan between the seventh and 10th centuries, by reducing milk by boiling it.
See also
- So (dairy product) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Another photo of so at Wikicommons
Further reading
- “so”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “so”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
References
See also
- ah so
Anagrams
- -os, -os-, O&S, O's, O. S., O.S., OS, OS., Os, o's, o.s., os, os-
Afrikaans
Alternative forms
- soe (Western Cape)
Etymology
From Dutch zo, from Middle Dutch sô, from Old Dutch sō, from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from a merger of Proto-Germanic *swa and *swē.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sʊə̯/
Adverb
so
- so, like that/this, thus (in such a way)
- so, that, to such an extent
Derived terms
- sodat
Äiwoo
Verb
so
- To stand (to be in a standing position).
References
- Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007) “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, number 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Asturian
Etymology 1
From Latin sub.
Preposition
so
- (West) under
- (Center and East) on
Derived terms
- sol
Etymology 2
From Latin suus (“his, her, its”).
Adjective
so m sg (feminine singular so, neuter singular so, masculine plural sos, feminine plural sos)
- his, her, its
- your (polite)
- their
Pronoun
so
- his, hers
- yours (polite)
Related terms
- suyu
Etymology 3
Alternative forms
- soi
Verb
so
- first-person singular present indicative of ser
Bambara
Etymology 1
Noun
so (tone sǒ)
- horse
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Noun
so
- house, home
Derived terms
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s̺o/ [s̺o]
- Rhymes: -o
- Hyphenation: so
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb
so (not comparable)
- (chiefly Northern) [with dative or allative] looking at
Noun
so inan
- (chiefly Northern) look, gaze
Declension
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Interjection
so
- whoa
- Synonyms: iso, esti
Further reading
- “so”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
- “so”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
Brokskat
Pronoun
so
- he
Catalan
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Catalan so~son, from Latin sonus. Compare Occitan son, French son, Spanish sueno.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsɔ]
Noun
so m (plural sons)
- sound
Related terms
- sonar
- sònic
Etymology 2
Back-formation from sons (plural). Compare Spanish sueño, Portuguese sono, from Latin somnus.
Alternative forms
- son (standard)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsɔ]
Noun
so m (plural sons)
- (Tarragon, Mallorca, Menorca) sleep
Related terms
- sonar
- sònic
Etymology 3
Alternative forms
- só (pre-2016 spelling)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈso]
Verb
so (archaic, Central, Northwest Catalan, Alghero)
- first-person singular present indicative of ésser
- first-person singular present indicative of ser
Usage notes
- This form is still used in certain dialects, such as Algherese.
Etymology 4
Alternative forms
- s' (after amb or sometimes en, before a vowel)
- es (not after amb or sometimes en)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈso/, /ˈsu/
Article
so
- (Mallorca, Ibiza) Alternative form of es (“the”, masculine singular) (used after amb (“with”) and sometimes en (“in”), before a consonant)
- Va anar-hi amb so cotxe. ― He went there with the car.
References
- “so” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “so”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “so” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “so” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chinese
Etymology 1
From clipping of English jetso, from Cantonese 著數/着数 (zoek6 sou3).
Pronunciation
Noun
so
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) benefit; advantage; bargain; discount
Adjective
so
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) bargain; advantageous
Quotations
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:so.
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from socialise?”)
Alternative forms
- show, 騷/骚, 蘇/苏, 穌/稣
Pronunciation
Verb
so
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) to respond; to pay attention to
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Noun
so
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, in compounds) Alternative form of soc (“society”)
References
Corsican
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin sum, from Latin suum, from Proto-Italic *sowos, from Proto-Indo-European *sewos. Cognates include Italian suo and French son.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈso/
Determiner
so
- his, her, their
Usage notes
- so is preceded by a definite article (u, a, i, e or l'):
- U so libru. ― His book.
- Unlike its French or Italian cognates, so does not decline, either by gender or number:
- U so libru, i so libri. ― His book, his books.
References
- “so” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsobota]
Noun
so ?
- Abbreviation of sobota (“Saturday”).
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse sýr, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *sū-.
Noun
so c (singular definite soen, plural indefinite søer)
- sow (female pig)
- (derogatory) slut
Declension
References
- “so” in Den Danske Ordbog
Elfdalian
Etymology
From Old Norse svá, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē. Cognate with Swedish så.
Adverb
so
- so, like that, in that manner
- so, to such a degree
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [so]
- Hyphenation: so
Noun
so (accusative singular so-on, plural so-oj, accusative plural so-ojn)
- The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
See also
- (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse svá, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /soː/
- Rhymes: -oː
- Homophone: soð
Adverb
so (not comparable)
- so, thus, as
- then
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈso(ː)/, [ˈs̠o̞(ː)]
- Rhymes: -o
- Hyphenation(key): so
Interjection
so
- Alternative form of soo
Further reading
- “so”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][10] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Folopa
Alternative forms
- sou
Noun
so
- woman
References
- Karl James Franklin, Pacific Linguistics (1973, →ISBN, page 130: Polopa so/sou woman, cf. DAR sou female animal but we woman.
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 15: Boro, Suri, Tebera sou, Sopese šo
- Carol Anderson, Beginning Folopa Language Lessons and Simple Glossary (2010) (as so)
Friulian
Etymology
From Latin suus.
Pronoun
so (third-person singular possessive of masculine singular, of feminine singular sô, of masculine plural siei, of feminine plural sôs)
- (used attributively) his, her, its; of his, hers, its
- (used predicatively) his, hers, its
- (used substantively) his, hers, its; the thing belonging to him, her,it
See also
- gno
- lôr
- nestri
- to
- vuestri
Galician
Alternative forms
- su
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese so, su, sob, from Latin sub.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sʊ]
Preposition
so
- under, beneath
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “so”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “so”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
German
Etymology
From Middle High German sō, from Old High German sō, from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē, compare with Old Dutch so and Dutch zo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zoː/ (prescriptive standard)
- IPA(key): /soː/, /sɔ/ (Austria)
- Rhymes: -oː
Adverb
so
- so, such, that
- Die Leute sind so nett. ― People are so nice.
- Dieser Hammer ist nicht so gut. ― This hammer is not that good.
- Das ist so eine gute Idee! ― That is such a good idea!
- so und so ― such and such
- as (followed by an adjective or adverb plus wie in a statement of equality)
- Er rennt so schnell wie der Blitz. ― He runs as fast as lightning.
- thus, like this/that, in this/that way, in this/that manner
- then (in that case)
- Wirst du wieder gesund, so freue ich mich. ― If you get healthy again, then I'll be happy.
- (colloquial) expletive; sometimes intensifying, sometimes with no noticeable meaning
Derived terms
- einfach so
Conjunction
so
- (coordinating) thus, so, pursuant to the aforementioned premises
- (subordinating, chiefly archaic, sometimes law and regional) an, if
- Synonyms: falls, im Falle dass, wenn
- So es Euch beliebt. ― If it pleases you.
Particle
so
- (colloquial) quotative particle, somewhat similar to be like but also combinable with other verbs
Usage notes
- This quotation particle can be combined with a number of verbs but, somewhat unusually, it doesn't require the clause to contain any predicate at all. In such cases, the meaning is roughly that of to say in the past tense.
Pronoun
so
- (obsolete, relative) that, which, who
- (Augsburger Bekenntnis)
Synonyms
- wo
- der
- welcher
Interjection
so
- (colloquial) a discourse marker in the beginning of a sentence indicating a topic having been dealt with and another being tackled
- Synonyms: tamam, okay, in Ordnung, fein, gut
Further reading
- “so” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “so”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Gothic
Romanization
sō
- Romanization of 𐍃𐍉
Indonesian
Adverb
so
- Alternative form of sok
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sˠɔ/
Determiner
so
- Munster form of seo (used after a word ending in a velarized ("broad") consonant)
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “so”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Nashimoto, Kuninao (2020) “so”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス アイルランド語 [Nyūekusupuresu Purasu Airurando-go, New Express Irish] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, pages 17–19
Italian
Alternative forms
- sò (misspelling)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsɔ‿|| ˈsɔ/
Verb
so
- first-person singular present indicative of sapere (“I know”)
- Non lo so. ― I don't know (it).
- Lo so io! ― (But) I do (know it)!
References
- so in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Jamaican Creole
Etymology
Derived from English so.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /so/
Conjunction
so
- so
Particle
so
- emphasis particle
Japanese
Romanization
so
- The hiragana syllable そ (so) or the katakana syllable ソ (so) in Hepburn romanization.
Ladino
Verb
so (Latin spelling)
- first-person singular present indicative of ser
Louisiana Creole
Etymology
Borrowed from English so.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /so/
- Rhymes: -o
- Homophone: sô
Interjection
so
- so (discourse particle) (clarification of this definition is needed)
Luxembourgish
Verb
so
- second-person singular imperative of soen
Mauritian Creole
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /so/
Etymology 1
From French son.
Pronoun
so
- (possessive) his, her, its, one's
Etymology 2
From French chaud.
Adjective
so
- hot, warm.
Antonyms
- fre
Middle Dutch
Etymology 1
From Old Dutch sō, from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zoː/
Adverb
sô
- so, like that, in that manner
- so, to such a degree
- (so ... alse) as
- then, in that case
- so, therefore
Conjunction
sô
- if, in the case that
- like, as
- (so ... so) both ... and
Descendants
- Dutch: zo
- Limburgish: zoe, zoea
Etymology 2
Weakened form of soe.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zoː/, /zo/
Pronoun
sô
- (chiefly Flemish) Alternative form of si (“she”)
Further reading
- “so (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “so (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “so”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English swā, from Proto-West Germanic *swā.
Alternative forms
- swo
- zo (Kent)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɔː/
Adverb
so
- so
Descendants
- English: so
- Geordie English: se
- Scots: sae
- Yola: zo, zoo, sae
References
- “sō, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
Pronoun
so
- (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of sche
North Moluccan Malay
Alternative forms
- su
Etymology
From Malay sudah.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɔ/
- (in fast speech) IPA(key): /sɔ̆/, /sɔ̥/
Verb
so
- perfective aspect, indicating that the process has been accomplished
Northern Sami
Etymology
Borrowed from Norwegian så.
Pronunciation
Adverb
so
- so, then, in that case
- so, to this or that extent
Further reading
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[12], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
- så
Etymology
From Middle Norwegian so, svo, from Old Norse svá, from Proto-Indo-European *swa. Akin to English so.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /suː/
Adverb
so
- so
- that
- as
- then
Conjunction
so
- so
References
- “so” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan so, from Latin ipsum.
Article
so (feminine sa, masculine plural sos, feminine plural sas)
- Alternative form of lo (rare)
Usage notes
- In the Provençal dialect, the masculine and feminine plural is sei.
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.
Adverb
sō
- so, like that, in that manner
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: sô
- Dutch: zo
- Limburgish: zoe, zoea
Further reading
- “sō (I)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- sa, se, sea, seo, siu
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *so (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /so/
Determiner
so
- this (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
- ind epistil so ― this epistle
Derived terms
Descendants
- Irish: seo
- Scottish Gaelic: seo
- Manx: shoh
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.
Adverb
sō
- so, like that, in that manner
Pali
Alternative forms
Pronoun
so
- he, it
Adjective
so
- masculine nominative singular of ta (“that”)
Phalura
Etymology 1
From Sanskrit स ; सो (sa ; so, “nom.sg.masc pron. and pronom. adj. he, that”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /so/
Determiner
so (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡ)
- the
- that (agr: rem nom masc)
References
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “so”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[13], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “so”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /so/
Pronoun
so (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡ)
- it
- he (rem masc nom)
References
- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “so”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[14], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Rawa
Noun
so
- grass
References
- Norma Toland, Donald Toland, Reference Grammar of the Karo/Rawa Language (1991)
Romagnol
Verb
so (Faenza)
- first-person singular present indicative of ësar (“to be”)
Romani
Pronoun
so
- what?
References
Rwanda-Rundi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *có.
Noun
só class 1a (plural bāsó class 2a)
- your father
- your paternal uncle
Sardinian
Verb
so
- first-person singular present indicative of èssere
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology 1
Reduced form of seo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s̪ɔ/
Pronoun
so
- Obsolete form of -sa.
- Obsolete form of seo.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English so
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s̪o/
Conjunction
so
- (colloquial, informal) so, therefore
Usage notes
- Highly colloquial and English-influenced; forms such as mar sin are preferred in higher registers.
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
- sȏl (Croatia)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *solь, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂ls.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sôː/
Noun
sȏ f (Cyrillic spelling со̑)
- (Bosnia, Serbia) salt
Declension
Slavomolisano
Etymology
From Serbo-Croatian so.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /so/
Noun
so m
- salt
Declension
References
- Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale).
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zo/, (with mnou) /so/
Preposition
so [with instrumental]
- Alternative form of s
Usage notes
- Used when the next word begins with s, z, š or ž or with a consonant cluster containing one of these consonants. It is also used with the pronoun mnou (“me”).
Further reading
- “so”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
Slovene
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɔ́/
Verb
sȍ
- third-person plural present of bíti
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈso/ [ˈso]
- Rhymes: -o
- Syllabification: so
Etymology 1
Inherited from Latin sub, from Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo.
Preposition
so
- (archaic) under
Usage notes
- So is very rare in modern Spanish, surviving only in certain expressions, including so pena de (“on pain of, under penalty of”), so pretexto de or so color de (“under pretext of”), a so capa (“secretly, with bribery”).
Etymology 2
Contraction of señor (“Sir”).
Pronoun
so
- (emphatic, derogatory) you
- ¡So tonto! ― You blithering idiot!
- ¡So borrachos! ― You bloody drunks!
Etymology 3
Borrowed from English so.
Interjection
so
- (US, Puerto Rico, Philippines, El Salvador) so
Etymology 4
Interjection
so
- whoa!
Further reading
- “so”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish sō (Old Icelandic/Norwegian sýr), from Old East Norse *sōʀ, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *sū-. Compare the identical ko (Old Icelandic/Norwegian kýr, Old Swedish kō).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /suː/
- Homophone: zoo
Noun
so c
- (rare) sow (female pig)
Usage notes
- The more common synonym is sugga, especially for the plural form.
Declension
Synonyms
- sugga
Anagrams
- OS, os
Tok Pisin
Etymology 1
From English saw.
Noun
so
- saw
Etymology 2
From English show.
Noun
so
- show
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *soo.
Noun
so
- swamp, marsh, bog
Inflection
Derived terms
- sohein
- sokesk
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “болото”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][15], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [sɔ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂɔ˧˧] ~ [sɔ˧˧]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʂɔ˧˧] ~ [sɔ˧˧]
Etymology 1
Verb
so
- (transitive) To compare.
- Synonym: so sánh
- So với bạn thì nó cao hơn. ― Compared to his friend, he is taller.
- (transitive) To pair up.
- so đũa ― to pair up chopsticks
- (intransitive) To straighten one's shoulders, as if to compare one's height to another's.
See also
- sánh
Etymology 2
Compare sơ (初, “first”).
Adjective
so
- firstborn
- con so ― firstborn child
- chửa con so ― to be pregnant for the first time
- trứng gà so ― a chicken's first egg (usually a small egg)
Derived terms
- con so
Etymology 3
Noun
(classifier con) so
- mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)
See also
- sam
Volapük
Adverb
so
- so
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /soː/
- Rhymes: -oː
Verb
so (not mutable)
- (South Wales) inflection of bod:
- second/third-person singular present negative colloquial
- first/second/third-person plural present negative colloquial
Usage notes
Unlike other negative verb forms, this form—and sa, which is used for the first-person singular—is not complemented by ddim after the subject.
Xhosa
Pronoun
-so
- Combining stem of sona.
Zulu
Pronoun
-so
- Combining stem of sona.