se - synonyms, antonyms, definitions

se

synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples & translations of se in English

English Online Dictionary. What means se‎? What does se mean?

Translingual

Symbol

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Northern Sami.

English

Etymology

From Mandarin 瑟 (sè).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɛ/
Rhymes: -ɛ

Noun

se (plural ses)

(music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.

Translations

Anagrams

'e's, -es, E's, ES, Es, E♭s, E♯s, e's, es, es-

Abinomn

Noun

cloud

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

s'n (used without a following noun)
syn (obsolete)

Etymology

From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sə/

Particle

follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
Hierdie is my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-, *kʷ(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɛ/

Conjunction

that, as, when
Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.

Vëllai im më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.

Related terms

Bavarian

Alternative forms

's (unstressed form)

Etymology

Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

she, her (accusative)
they, them

Synonyms

Bonan

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *usun.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sə/

Noun

water

References

Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Breton

Pronoun

that, this
Petra eo se? — What's that?

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /sə/
(Valencia, Alghero) IPA^(key): /se/

Pronoun

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
oneself (direct or indirect object)
themselves (direct or indirect object)
each other (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

-se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

Declension

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [se]

Numeral

one (number).

Central Nahuatl

Numeral

one.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

ze (Sette Comuni)

Etymology

From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

Pronoun

(Luserna) they

Inflection

References

“se” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Coatepec Nahuatl

Numeral

one.

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsɛ]

Etymology 1

From Old Czech sě, from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

Pronoun

se (reflexive)

clitic accusative of sebe:
oneself

myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

Synonym: (stressed) sebe

Related terms

Etymology 2

Preposition

se (also s)

with

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

(reflexive pronoun) oneself

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈseˀ]
Rhymes: -eːˀ

Verb

se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)

to see
(reciprocal passive) to see each other

Conjugation

reciprocal

Dimasa

Numeral

sé

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si, Spanish si and Latin sī.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [se]
Hyphenation: se

Conjunction

Ewe

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɛ/

Noun

se (plural sewo)

Fala

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē.

Pronoun

Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent; one
Reflexive and reciprocal pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another

Usage notes

Takes the form -si when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

References

Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /seː/

Noun

se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

Declension

Fijian

Conjunction

whether, or.

Noun

flower
gills

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.

The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly by influence from the plural ne.

The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms, may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈse/, [ˈs̠e̞]
Rhymes: -e
Hyphenation^(key): se

Pronoun

(demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally; compare tuo, see usage notes)
(demonstrative) it
the one (who, what, which) (always with a relative clause)
(colloquial or dialectal) he, she, one, they sg (of a human being; gender-neutral)
Synonym: hän

Determiner

that (not pointed at by the speaker; compare tuo, see usage notes)
(colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)

Usage notes

Both tuo and se can be translated as "that"; see tuo for more information on the difference between the two.
In colloquial and dialectal Finnish, se is the usual and neutral personal pronoun in the third person singular, and its standard Finnish counterpart hän is restricted to certain particular uses. Using se of a person carries no negative connotation.
Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite, this colloquial usage is ungrammatical. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
(standard)
Mies tuli luokseni. ― The man came to me.

Luokseni tuli mies. ― A man came to me.

(colloquial)
Se mies tuli mun luokse. ― The man came to me.

Yks mies tuli mun luokse. ― A man came to me.
The external case forms sillä, siltä and sille are generally only used in abstract or possessive meanings. For locations, the corresponding adverbs siellä, sieltä and sinne are used instead.

Inflection

Irregular (singular stems: se-, si-, sii-, plural stems: ne-, nii-).

Synonyms

(he or she): hän
see (rare, dialectal (Southwestern Finnish))

Derived terms

Descendants

Kven: se

Etymology 2

Akin to tseh.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈse(ˣ)/, [ˈs̠e̞(ʔ)]
Rhymes: -e
Hyphenation^(key): se

Interjection

se (dialectal)

here you go; an encouragement to take something, usually something that is being handed over.
an encouragement to an animal to eat (food)

Usage notes

Despite being an interjection, some verb-like forms can also be found (sehkää).

Alternative forms

Anagrams

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

From Latin sī.

Conjunction

se (prevocalic s') (ORB, broad)

Derived terms

se vos plét

References

si [1] in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
se in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology

From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē. See also soi.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sə/
Rhymes: -ə
Homophone: ce

Pronoun

se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)

The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
1. (to) himself
2. (to) herself
3. (to) oneself
4. (to) itself
5. (to) themselves
6. (to) each other
(Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. ― I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.

Usage notes

Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.

Derived terms

s’en aller

Related terms

Anagrams

es, ès

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sī.

Conjunction

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

Pronoun

accusative/dative of si
The third-person reflexive pronoun.
1. (to) himself
2. (to) herself
3. (to) oneself
4. (to) itself
5. (to) themselves
6. (to) each other

References

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “se”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “se”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “se”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

husband

German Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zeː/, /seː/, /zɛɪ/, /sɛɪ/

Pronoun

she
Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).

Pronoun

they
Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.

Gun

Etymology

From Proto-Gbe *se (“to hear”). Cognates include Fon sè (“to understand, hear, feel”), Saxwe Gbe sè (“to hear”), Adja sè (“to understand, hear, feel, respond”), Ewe se (“to hear”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sè/

Verb

sè

to hear, to listen
to understand

Derived terms

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French c’est (“it is”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/

Verb

to be
that is (compare French c'est)
it is (compare French c'est)

Usage notes

Use ye at the end of a clause.
This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).

References

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈʃɛ]
Rhymes: -ʃɛ

Conjunction

se (clitic)

Alternative form of sem.

Derived terms

Ido

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/, /sɛ/

Etymology 1

From Esperanto se.

Conjunction

if
La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.

Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.

Etymology 2

From s +‎ -e.

Noun

se (plural se-i)

The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

Ingrian

Alternative forms

see (dialectal)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈse/, [ˈs̠e̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈse/, [ˈʃe̞]
Rhymes: -e
Hyphenation: se
Homophone: že

Pronoun

this, that (not bound to a specific location)
(dialectal) that (distal)

Determiner

this, that (not bound to a specific location)
(dialectal) that (distal)

Usage notes

Se and neet are anaphoric: That is to say they refer to something previously mentioned (or soon afterwards mentioned) in the conversation. In contrast, too and noo are deictic, and thus refer to physical entities.
Although Junus (1936; p. 99) describes sen as the accusative and senen as the genitive, in practice, sen is often used as a short form of the genitive as well.
In the Soikkola dialect, the functions of too (“that”) have merged into se.

Declension

Derived terms

References

V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[5], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[6], →ISBN, pages 13-14

Interlingua

Pronoun

se (third person)

Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
Reciprocal: each other, one another.
Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Usage notes

(reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”

repentir se — “to repent”

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin sī.

Conjunction

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin sī (“if”) or from Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī and quid ("what").

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/^**
Rhymes: -e
Hyphenation: se

Conjunction

if
whether
if only

Derived terms

se non
se non che

Etymology 2

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/^°
Rhymes: -e
Hyphenation: se

Pronoun

Alternative form of si

Usage notes

Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

Etymology 3

From Latin sīc.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/^*
Rhymes: -e
Hyphenation: se

Adverb

(archaic) Alternative form of così

Conjunction

(archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if
se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezione ― even if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)

Usage notes

Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.

References

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Derived from English say.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/

Verb

to say, to tell

Pronoun

(relative) that (which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition)

Japanese

Romanization

The hiragana syllable せ (se) or the katakana syllable セ (se) in Hepburn romanization.

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronoun

he/she/it (absent from speaker) (3rd-person personal pronoun)

Coordinate terms

áya

Karelian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsʲe/
Hyphenation: se

Determiner

(South Karelian) Alternative form of še

Pronoun

(South Karelian) Alternative form of še

References

A. V. Punzhina (1994) “se”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN

Kven

Etymology

From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈse/

Determiner

this, that

Pronoun

this, that
he, she, it

Declension

Synonyms

(he, she): hän

References

Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

(indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
(reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

Ladino

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish se (“oneself”), from Latin sē.

Pronoun

se m or f by sense (Hebrew spelling סי, third person)

third person reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, herself, himself, itself; each other; one another
used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person

Usage notes

(third person reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.

Etymology 2

From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).

Pronoun

se m or f by sense (Hebrew spelling סי, third person)

used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las

References

Lashi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/, [sɛʔ]

Verb

to know
to be able to

References

Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎^[7], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /seː/, [s̠eː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /se/, [sɛː]

Pronoun

sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)

(reflexive pronoun) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest. ― A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.

Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē? ― How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)

In mare sē praecipitāvit. ― He drowned himself in the ocean.
(reflexive pronoun) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun

Usage notes

sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.

Declension

Derived terms

inter sē
per sē
sēcum

Descendants

Ligurian

Etymology

From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/

Conjunction

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronoun

that
he

Declension

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sɛ]

Pronoun

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
each other, one another
used to form passives

Derived terms

se wě

References

Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zə/

Pronoun

unstressed form of si

Declension

See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.

Malay

Alternative forms

esa
ĕsă
sĕ (sĕ-)
sa (sa-)
să (să-)
اسا
س (س-)

Etymology

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sə/
Rhymes: -sə, -ə

Numeral

se (Jawi spelling س)

Synonyms

satu / ساتو
tunggal / توڠݢل
eka (eka-) / ايک (ايک-)
ahad / احد

Derived terms

se- / س-

Maltese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɛ/

Particle

Indicates a future tense.

Mandarin

Romanization

Nonstandard spelling of sè.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

Pronoun

accusative of si (“they”)

Middle English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɛː/, /seː/

Etymology 1

From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.

Adverb

Etymology 2

Noun

Alternative form of see (“sea”)

Etymology 3

Noun

Alternative form of see (“see”)

Etymology 4

Pronoun

Alternative form of sche

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French se, from Latin sē.

Pronoun

The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
1. himself
2. herself
3. oneself
4. itself
5. themselves
6. each other
The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
1. to himself
2. to herself
3. to oneself
4. to itself
5. to themselves
6. to each other
  ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)

Usage notes

Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.

Descendants

French: se

Middle Low German

Alternative forms

su, sia

Etymology

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

Stem vowel: ê⁴
- (originally) IPA^(key): /seː/

Pronoun

sê

(third person singular female nominative) she
her (accusative of sê)
(third person plural nominative) they
them (accusative of sê)

Declension

See Template:gml-perpron for declension.

Descendants

Dutch Low Saxon: zee
German Low German: se
Plautdietsch: see

Mpade

Etymology

From Proto-Central Chadic *sa, from Proto-Chadic *sa. Cognate with Matal sa (“to drink”).

Verb

to drink

References

S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sə/
Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

References

AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 80: “si chiama” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Nheengatu

Etymology

From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [se]

Hyphenation: se
Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

(second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)

Usage notes

As a second-class pronoun, se is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun se is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, se is used as a possessive pronoun as well.

References

AVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 688
NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 108

North Frisian

Alternative forms

sä (Föhr-Amrum)
siinj (Mooring)

Etymology

From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

Pronunciation

(Sylt) IPA^(key): [sɛ]

Verb

(Sylt) to see

Conjugation

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

An early loan from Middle Persian [script needed] (sg /⁠sag⁠/), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Akin to native sipe.

Noun

se m

Synonyms

kûçik

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /seː/
Rhymes: -eː
Hyphenation: se
Homophones: C, c

Verb

se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)

to see (perceive with the eyes).

Derived terms

anse
etterse
forutse
innse
overse
påse
seer
usett
utseende

References

“se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Old English

Alternative forms

þē — late nom. masc. sg. form
þē — Mercian
sæ, ðē, ðæ — Northumbrian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /seː/

Article

sē

the
sē mōna ― the moon

sēo sunne ― the sun

þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades

þā steorran ― the stars

Determiner

sē

that

Pronoun

sē

that
the one / that one
(relative) that, who, what, which
- late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History

Usage notes

The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
- Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
- All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
- A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
- "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ eom æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
- A couple of abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
- Dryhten (“the Lord”).
- morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
- The four seasons, lencten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
- forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
- forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
- þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
- Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”

Declension

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

Descendants

Middle English: se, ze, sæ

Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin sē.

Alternative forms

Pronoun

se m or f (invariable)

himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)

Descendants

French: se

Etymology 2

From Latin si.

Conjunction

if
then (afterwards; following)

Descendants

French: si

Old Frisian

Pronoun

she
they

Old Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sʲe]

Determiner

Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels

Old Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /sɛ/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /sɛ/

Preposition

Alternative form of z

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɛː/

Article

sē m (demonstrative)

definite article: the
sē māno ― the moon
demonstrative adjective: that, those
Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.

Declension

Old Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin sē.

Pronoun

third person reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, herself, himself or itself; each other; one another
Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person.

Usage notes

(third person reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.

Descendants

Ladino: se, סי
Spanish: se

References

Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “se”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 459

Old Swedish

Verb

first-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
second-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
third-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
third-person plural singular present active subjunctive of vara

Ometepec Nahuatl

Adjective

one.

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German sie.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sə/

Pronoun

she, her

Declension

Phalura

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/

Determiner

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

the
that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/

Determiner

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

the
those (agr: rem)

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/

Pronoun

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

it
she (rem fem nom)

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[11], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/

Pronoun

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

they (rem nom)

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[12], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Pilagá

Pronoun

I
se-take ― I want

References

2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

Pipil

Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈseː/

Numeral

sē

Article

sē

a, indefinite article

Pronoun

sē

someone, something, indefinite pronoun

Polish

Etymology

Clipping of sobie.

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -ɛ
Syllabification: se

Pronoun

(colloquial, sometimes proscribed or dialectal, Przemyśl) (dative, weak form) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
Synonym: sobie

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Homophones: si (Brazil), cê (South Brazil)
Hyphenation: se

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē.

Pronoun

se m or f by sense

third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themselves
(nonstandard, colloquial, Brazil, highly proscribed) first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself
Synonym: (standard) me
third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
(colloquial, nonstandard, Brazil, Alentejo) first-person plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
Synonym: (standard) nos
second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
impersonal pronominal verb; oneself
accessory, when it is used to embellish the verb without its omission impairing the understanding.
particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.

Usage notes

When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
(reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)

arrepender-se ― to repent
Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

Alternative forms

si (obsolete)

Conjunction

if (introduces a condition)
Synonym: caso

Antonyms: caso contrário, senão

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

Etymology 3

Pronoun

(Brazil, Internet slang) Misspelling of cê; "you"
Synonym: c

Romagnol

Alternative forms

s' (Apocopic)

Conjunction

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/
Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

(reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Related terms

sine

Romansch

Alternative forms

(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
(Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
(Puter, Vallader) sü

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

(Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

Rwanda-Rundi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *cé.

Noun

sé class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)

his/her father
his/her paternal uncle

Samoan

Article

a (singular indefinite article)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

Pronoun

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
1. myself
2. ourselves
3. thyself (archaic)
4. yourself, yourselves
5. himself, herself, itself
6. themselves
(by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself
Kako se zoveš? ― What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)

Kako se to kaže na španjolskom? ― How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)

Ovdje se govori španjolski ― Spanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)

Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti. ― World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)

Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *sь.

Particle

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

(obsolete) this is; here is

Sicilian

Alternative forms

sì
se', sè (non-orthographic)

Etymology

From Latin sīc. In the “yes” sense, from sīc (est). Doublet of sì.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɛ/ (stressed)
IPA^(key): /si/ (unstressed)
Hyphenation: sè

Adverb

yes
Antonyms: no, noni, nonzi, ntz

Derived terms

Related terms

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɛ/

Pronoun

oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Dummy pronoun to make a verb intransitive, reflexive, or for reflexive voice.

Inflection

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se/ [se]
Rhymes: -e
Syllabification: se
Homophones: sé, (Latin America) ce

Etymology 1

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
Juan se lava. ― Juan washes himself.

Juan se lava la cara. ― Juan washes his own face. (literally, “Juan, to himself, washes the face.”)

Juan y María se aman. ― Juan and María love each other.
used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes
¿Cómo se llama? ― What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)

Se dice que... ― It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)

Aquí se habla español ― Spanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here, Spanish speaks itself here.”)

Usage notes

(third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

ge (archaic)

Pronoun

se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las
El samaritano se las dio. ― The Samaritan gave them to him.

Etymology 3

Verb

se (main verb saber)

Misspelling of sé.

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch zee.

Noun

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /seː/
Homophones: C, c
Rhymes: -eː

Verb

se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)

to see (not be blind)
to look
Synonyms: titta, kolla, stirra, glo
to see; to understand
Synonyms: förstå, fatta, begripa

Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt. ― I don't see how that could be possible.
to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of

Usage notes

"Jag ser" for "I see" as in "I understand" does not work in (sense 3). See the synonyms instead.

Conjugation

Hypernyms

förnimma

Derived terms

avse
bortse
frånse
inse
se an / se något an
se efter
se i syne
se på
se ut
se till
tillse
återse
överse

Related terms

höra
lukta
smaka
känna

References

se in Svensk ordbok (SO)
se in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
se in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

Tagalog

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈse/ [ˈsɛ]
Rhymes: -e
Syllabification: se

Etymology 1

See ce.

Noun

se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)

Alternative form of ce

Etymology 2

See che.

Noun

se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)

Alternative form of che

Anagrams

Talysh

Etymology

Cognate with Persian (seh).

Numeral

three

Tarantino

Pronoun

se (impersonal, reflexive)

Ternate

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈse]

Preposition

se (Jawi سي)

human oblique preposition
1. to
2. at, in
3. on
4. from

Usage notes

Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.

Alternative forms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈse]

Preposition

se (Jawi سي)

associative preposition: with
ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru ― I go to the market with my younger sibling
instrumental preposition: with, by, using
tabu se usipera ― fire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)

Usage notes

Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.

Alternative forms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈse]

Conjunction

se (Jawi سي)

and
tohida riyaya se ribaba ― I see my mother and my father
forms compound numbers
bobato nyagimoi se tofkange ― the (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)

References

Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).

Noun

se m

Tocharian B

Pronoun

Alternative form of kᵤse (“who, which”) (colloquial)

Turkish

Etymology 1

Noun

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

Etymology 2

Noun

Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ث

Tuvaluan

Article

se (indefinite article)

a, an

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronoun

Inflection

See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

Determiner

that (far)

Inflection

See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

Derived terms

References

Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[15], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [sɛ˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂɛ˧˧] ~ [sɛ˧˧]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂɛ˧˧] ~ [sɛ˧˧]

Verb

to be almost dry
to be wrung with pain

References

“se”, in Soha Tra Từ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Vietnam Communications Corporation. Available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license.

Volapük

Preposition

out of

Votic

Pronunciation

(Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈse/, [ˈse]
Rhymes: -e
Hyphenation: se

Pronoun

Alternative form of see

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɛ/

Verb

se (not mutable)

Contraction of basai.

West Frisian

Pronoun

Alternative form of sy (“she”)

Pronoun

Alternative form of sy (“they”)

Wutunhua

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sʰə]

Etymology 1

From Mandarin 四 (sì).

Numeral

four

Etymology 2

From Mandarin 死 (sǐ).

Verb

to die

References

Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎^[16], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *sì, compare with Igala hì, Igbo si

Alternative forms

hè (Ìkálẹ̀)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sè/

Verb

sè

(transitive) to cook
Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá. ― He cooked okra soup.
(transitive) to boil
Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín sè. ― I don't know how to boil eggs.

Usage notes

When to cook is intransitive use dáná.
(to boil): When referring to leafy vegetables or meat use bọ̀, when referring to water use hó.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sé/

Verb

sé

(transitive) to block; to shut
Wọ́n sé fèrèsé náà. ― They blocked that window.
(transitive) to miss
Òkúta tí ó jù sé ihò. ― The rock she threw missed the hole.

Derived terms

Zazaki

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sɛ]

Etymology 1

From Turkish -se (“if”).

Conjunction

Derived terms

benose

Etymology 2

From Proto-Iranian *číš (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (“who, what, which, that”).

Adverb

what
how

Etymology 3

Numeral

Alternative form of sed

Volscian

Etymology 1

Perhaps an accusative form of *sim (“pig”), from Proto-Italic *sūs, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-. If this is true, the term would be a cognate with Latin sūs and Umbrian sim. This interpretation has been criticized for being phonologically improbable as the letter "e" may not have been likely to represent the sound "/iː/."

Noun

se (accusative)

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: pig

Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *som~*ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognate with Latin sum, in particular Latin siet. This interpretation has been criticized for being phonologically improbable as the letter "e" may not have been likely to represent the sound "/iː/."

Verb

se (3rd person singular subjunctive)

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: to be

Etymology 3

Fron Proto-Italic *sei. Cognate with Latin sī or Latin sīc.

Conjunction

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: if, thus

Alternative forms

*sei

se

se

Translingual

Symbol

See also

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Translations

Anagrams

Abinomn

Noun

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Particle

See also

Albanian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Related terms

Bavarian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

Synonyms

See also

Bonan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Breton

Pronoun

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Pronunciation

Numeral

Central Nahuatl

Numeral

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

Inflection

References

Coatepec Nahuatl

Numeral

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Related terms

Etymology 2

Preposition

Further reading

Dalmatian

Etymology

Pronoun

Danish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Dimasa

Numeral

Esperanto

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Ewe

Pronunciation