sa - synonyms, antonyms, definitions

sa

synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples & translations of sa in English

English Online Dictionary. What means sa‎? What does sa mean?

Translingual

Symbol

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Sanskrit.

Abau

Noun

woman

References

transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Acehnese

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Numeral

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Ainu

Noun

sa (Kana spelling サ)

elder sister
Synonym: nanna

References

John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎^[3], Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 385
Vovin, Alexander V. (2016) “On the Linguistic Prehistory of Hokkaidō”, in Gruzdeva Ekaterina, Janhunen Juha, editors, Crosslinguistics and Linguistic Crossings in Northeast Asia. Papers on the Languages of Sakhalin and Adjacent Regions (Studia Orientalia; 117), Helsinki, pages 29–38

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *si-a, a combination of two pronominal members, Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₂ and *h₂ew-/*h₂en-. Alternatively from Proto-Albanian *tšja or, as per Meyer, from Greek σαν (san, “when, whenever”).

Pronoun

how much

Derived terms

sasi

References

Ama

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Noun

rain

Atong (India)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sʰa/

Numeral

sa (Bengali script সা)

Synonyms

rongsa
wan
eek

References

van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Bahnar

Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *caː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”); cognate with Halang cha, Koho saa, Semai ca, Pacoh cha, Khmer ស៊ី (sii) and Mon စ (ca).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /saː/

Verb

to eat

Balinese

Romanization

Romanization of ᬲ

Banjarese

Numeral

Short for asa (“one”).

Catalan

Etymology 1

From Old Catalan sa~san, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [sə]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [sa]
Homophone: ça

Adjective

sa (feminine sana, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sanes)

healthy

Derived terms

sa i estalvi
sanament
sanejar

Related terms

insà
malsà
sanitat

Etymology 2

From Latin ipsa.

Article

sa f

(Balearic) nominative feminine singular of es

References

“sa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
“sa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025.
“sa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
“sa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cebuano

Alternative forms

's — contraction, informal

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Tagalog sa, Bikol Central sa, Hiligaynon sa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/ [s̪ɐ]

Preposition

marks the indirect object or recipient of the verb: to
Coordinate terms: kang, (colloquial) ni — used before personal names

Gihatag na nako ang tanan sa akong amigo. ― I already gave everything to my friend.
refers to the location of something or some action: in; at; on
Naa sa lamisa. ― On the table.

Sa Pilipinas ko gipanganak. ― I was born in the Philippines.
refers to motion towards or away from a definite location:
1. to the; towards the
  Synonym: padulong (sa)
  
  Moadto siya sa sinehan unya. ― He's going to the movies later.
2. from the; away from the
  Synonym: gikan (sa)
  
  Mihawa ko sa balay. ― I went away from the house.
refers to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
Synonyms: (colloquial) inig-, ig-

Sa Lunes mi mouli. ― We're going home on Monday.
refers to accompaniment with a definite partner or object: with; together with; in company with
Synonyms: uban (sa/ang), kuyog (sa/ang)

Nikuyog si Juan sa iyang papa. ― Juan went with his father.
used in comparisons: than
Synonym: kaysa (sa/kang)

Mas paspas ang eroplano sa imong sakyanan. ― The airplane is faster than your car.
refers to the cause of action: due to; because of
Synonyms: tungod sa, kay

Namatay sila sa kagutom. ― They died of hunger.
refers to the definite tool or instrument used for doing: with, through, by
Synonym: gamit (ang)

Iyang gisagpa sa kamot. ― He slapped him with the hand.
refers to the basis of action: through, by, on the basis of
Migawas ang estudyante sa pagsugot sa maestro. ― The student went out by the teacher's permission.

Usage notes

Used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases:
sa babaw (sa) ― on top (of)

sa sulod (sa) ― within, inside (of)

pinaagi sa ― by means of

tungod sa ― due to, because of
In senses where definiteness is encoded, sa is used in contrast with og, which refers to indefinite relations.

Etymology 2

From earlier sang, conflating with sa (“to, in, at”). Compare Hiligaynon sang, Waray-Waray han, Tagalog ng.

Article

definite indirect marker for nouns other than personal names
Coordinate term: og — for indefinite nouns
of, 's; marks possession
luto sa inahan ― mother's cooking

babaw sa lamisa ― on top of the table
1. of the; with a definite possessor
  Coordinate term: og — see Usage notes
  
  anak sa hari ― son of the king

Usage notes

In marking possession, the usage of sa is contrasted with that of og in certain possessive relations, such as kinship terms:
inahan sa hari ― mother of the king

inahan og hari ― mother of a king
But this distinction does not apply to all possessive phrases:
mga dahon sa punuan ― (a/the) tree's leaves

mga dahon og punuan ― is ungrammatical
However, the contrast is mostly unused in everyday speech, with sa used in all possessive phrases.

Etymology 3

Compare Tagalog sina, Tausug hinda, Kinaray-a sanday.

Article

(archaic) direct marker for plural personal names
Synonyms: sila ni, silang

Etymology 4

From usa, isa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsaʔ/ [ˈs̪aʔ]

Noun

sà

shortened form of usa, isa (“for now, before doing”)

Etymology 5

Elision of the "l" in sala (“strain”), from Proto-Philippine *sáraʔ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsa(ː)/ [ˈs̪a(ː)]

Noun

(Cebu) shortened form of sala (“strain”)

Etymology 6

Elision of the "l" in sala (“fault, sin”), from Inherited from Proto-Philippine *salaq.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsa(ː)ʔ/ [ˈs̪a(ː)ʔ]

Noun

sâ

(Cebu) shortened form of sala (“fault, sin”)

Chipewyan

Etymology

Compare South Slavey sa

Noun

sun
watch

Drung

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sV-wa.

Noun

tooth

References

Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎^[4], Santa Barbara: University of California

Duriankere

Noun

water

Duun

Noun

fire

Eastern Cham

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /saː/

Numeral

sa (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨧ, Cham symbol ꩑)

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Estonian

Alternative forms

Sa (optional capitalization)

Etymology

Short form of sina

Pronoun

sa (genitive su, partitive sind, long form sina)

you, thou (in unstressed positions)
Mis sa teed seal? ― What are you doing there?

Declension

Finnish

Etymology

See sinä; developed through contraction.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝]
Rhymes: -ɑ
Syllabification^(key): sa
Hyphenation^(key): sa

Pronoun

(personal, archaic, poetic) you (second-person singular pronoun)

Declension

Other forms than the nominative generally align with sä.

Synonyms

sinä (standard Finnish; see it for full list)

Anagrams

-as, as

Franco-Provençal

Determiner

feminine singular of son

French

Etymology

From Old French sa, from Latin sua feminine form of suus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Determiner

sa f sg

(possessive) his, her, its, their, one's

Related terms

Anagrams

Futuna-Aniwa

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *saqa.

Adjective

bad
ugly

Galician

Etymology

Either from Proto-Germanic *saliz (“house, hall”), or from Proto-Germanic *sēaną (“to sow”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsaː/

Noun

sa f (plural sas)

generation, litter
sowing season

References

Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Garo

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik. Cognate with Tibetan གཅིག (gcig), Burmese တစ် (tac).

Numeral

Gothic

Romanization

Romanization of 𐍃𐌰

Guaraní

Adjective

(cardinal number) one hundred

Derived terms

Hadza

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Verb

to rain

Noun

the form of sako or its inflections after a determiner

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French ça.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Verb

can, to be able to

Determiner

this
these
that
those

Pronoun

(demonstrative) this
(demonstrative) these
(demonstrative) that
(demonstrative) those
(interrogative) what
(relative) what

Derived terms

kisa

Hanunoo

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *sa (locative marker).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsa/ [ˈsa]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: sa

Preposition

sa (Hanunoo spelling ᜰ)

to
Synonym: (literary) kan
on; at; in
by
for
from

Usage notes

For personal names, kan (or kana if plural) is used instead.

Haroi

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Hausa

Etymology

Generally thought to be from Proto-Chadic (compare Proto-Central Chadic *ɬa, whence Mbuko slā, Uldeme slà, Bana slá, Muyang ɬà, Moloko ɬa, Zulgo-Gemzek sla, Podoko sla, Daba zlà, Lagwan nsla), Ngizim tla. possibly cognate with Somali sac, Newman dissents and considers it a possible borrowing.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sâː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [sâː]

Noun

sâ m (feminine sānìyā, plural shānū, possessed form sân)

bull, ox, cattle

Higaonon

Preposition

Iban

Affix

short form for satu, often pronounced as se-.
combine with a verb in nasal form e.g. se +‎ kayoh (kayoh means "paddle") to form a noun sengayoh (a paddle).
combine with a verb in nasal form and a prefix pe- e.g. sa +‎ pe +‎ san (san means "a load") to form a noun sapenyan (as much as one can carry) and sa +‎ pe +‎ temu (temu means "opinion") to form sapenemu (as much as one knows).

References

Richards, Anthony. An Iban-English Dictionary, Volume 1 Clarendon Press. 1981.

Ido

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Determiner

(archaic) Alternative form of sua.
- 1909-1910, Progreso – duesma yaro, page 40:

Igbo

Pronunciation

(inherent tone): IPA^(key): /sá/

Verb

sá

to wash, to scrub.
Ana m asa efere.
I am washing plates.

Indonesian

Etymology

Clipping of saya.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/
Hyphenation: sa

Pronoun

(Papuan) I (first person singular prononun)

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”), from Proto-Celtic *in sindū/sindai (“in the m sg/f sg dative”), *in sindom/sindam (“into the m sg/f sg accusative”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˠə/

Contraction

Contraction of i + an.
Tá an fear sa bhád. ― The man is in the boat

Tá na páistí ag súgradh sa tsráid. ― The children are playing in the street.

Táimid inár suí sa seomra (or) tseomra. ― We are sitting in the room.

Usage notes

This contraction is obligatory, i.e. *i an never appears uncontracted. Used before consonant sounds only; otherwise, san is used. Triggers:

lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in Ulster varieties,
lenition of b, c, g, m, p, changes initial s to ts, and triggers eclipsis of f in Munster varieties,
eclipsis and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns while not affecting s in masculine nouns in Connacht varieties,
in An Caighdeán Oifigiúil causes lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns (An Córas Lárnach) or all nouns (Córas an tSéimhithe).

Often understood to be a contraction of ins an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while ins is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

Related terms

References

Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Gramadach na Gaeilge: An Caighdeán Oifigiúil‎^[7], Seirbhís Thithe an Oireachtais, 2017, pages 8–10, 15–18

Italian

Alternative forms

sà (misspelling)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsa/^*
Rhymes: -a
Hyphenation: sà

Verb

third-person singular present indicative of sapere
Giovanni sa dov'è Laura. ― Giovanni knows where Laura is.

References

Japanese

Romanization

The hiragana syllable さ (sa) or the katakana syllable サ (sa) in Hepburn romanization.

Jarai

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

Kabyle

Etymology

From Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Numeral

sa (feminine sat)

seven
Synonym: sebɛa

Kamakan

Alternative forms

zan (Kamakan)

Noun

(Kotoxo) water

References

Chestmir Loukotka, La família lingüística Kamakan del Brasil
Márcio Silva Martins Andérbio, Revisão da família lingüística Kamakã proposta por Chestmir Loukotka (thesis, Université de Brasilia, 2007 page 52)

Lhao Vo

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swiʔ (“water; liquid; body fluid”). Cognate with Burmese သွေး (swe:).

Noun

blood

References

Dr. Ola Hanson, "A Dictionary of the Kachin Language" (1906).

Ligurian

Verb

third-person singular present indicative of savéi

Livonian

Alternative forms

sinā

Etymology

A shorter form of sinā.

Pronoun

you; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee

Declension

References

Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN

Louisiana Creole

Etymology

Inherited from French sera (“will be”) or similar (e.g., seras), an inflection of French être (“to be”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/
Rhymes: -a
Homophones: ça, sâ

Verb

(auxiliary, copulative) will be

Related terms

Lower Sorbian

Preposition

Obsolete spelling of za.

Macanese

Etymology 1

Reduced form of sua. Semantically derived from Cantonese 嘅 (ge³, possessive marker).

Alternative forms

Particle

particle appended after pronouns to denote ownership: -'s
iou-sa filo ― my child

êle-sa ― his; her; their (sg.)

ilôtro-sa casa ― their (pl.) house

uví mai-sa ladínha ― to listen to mother's scolding

Usage notes

According to native speakers, sa is more commonly used than sua.
The particle is not inflected for gender.
Almost always spelt connected using a hyphen in the vast majority of writings, but not mandatory.

Related terms

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Possibly from Portuguese sabe (“know”), thus a doublet of sábi.

Alternative forms

sa', sá

Particle

expletive particle expressing confirmation or explanation

References

https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm
Batalha, Graciete Nogueira (1988) “sa”, in Glossário do dialecto macaense: notas linguísticas, etnográficas e folclóricas [Glossary of the Macanese dialect: linguistic, ethnographic and folkloric notes], Macau: Instituto Cultural de Macau, page 525

Malay

Numeral

(1924-1972) Obsolete spelling of se.

Maltese

Etymology

Probably from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until; as far as; even”). The form, though without doubt unusual, might be explained from earlier *ħta by assimilation in fast speech. Compare Moroccan Arabic حتى (ḥta). Compare also Spanish hasta, which, if related, might point to the existence of an obsolete Maghrebi variant *ḥastā. Joseph Aquilina preferred to derive the Maltese form from a contraction of Italian sino a, variant of fino a (“until; as far as”). Both may also have reinforced each other.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Preposition

until
Se nħobbok sal-aħħar nifs ta’ ħajti. ― I’ll love you until the last breath of my life.
as far as

Derived terms

Mandarin

Romanization

sa (sa⁵ / sa⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄙㄚ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠮿

Nonstandard spelling of sā.
Nonstandard spelling of sǎ.
Nonstandard spelling of sà.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Maranao

Noun

References

A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Masalit

Noun

water

References

Timothy Leffel, Focus constructions in Masalit (New York University, 05/31/2011)

Matal

Etymology 1

Likely from Proto-Chadic *sa (“to drink”). Cognate with Mpade se (“to drink”).

Verb

to drink

Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Chadic *(-)sə (“to come”).

Verb

to come

References

Minangkabau

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

Synonyms

ciek

Derived terms

Northern Roglai

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

simple past of si

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

past of seia

Ojibwe

Particle

emphasis marker

References

The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/sa-pc-disc

Old French

Etymology

From Latin sua, feminine of suus.

Determiner

sa f (masculine son, plural ses)

his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive)

Descendants

French: sa

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swa.

Conjunction

sā

Old Galician-Portuguese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Determiner

feminine singular of seu

Pronoun

feminine singular of seu

Old Irish

Determiner

Alternative spelling of so

Pali

Alternative forms

Pronoun

he, it

Adjective

masculine nominative singular of ta (“that”)

Noun

vocative singular of san (“dog”)

Palu'e

Etymology

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa, *asa.

Numeral

Papiamentu

Alternative forms

sabi (synonym)

Etymology

From Portuguese saber and Spanish saber and Kabuverdianu sabe.

Verb

to know

Pawaia

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sá/, [sá]

Noun

water

References

Phonological Considerations of Pawaia, in Oceania Linguistic Monographs, issues 14-15 (1971)
Transnewguinea.org, citing both D. Trefry, A comparative study of Kuman and Pawaian (1969) and G. E. MacDonald, The Teberan Language Family, pages 111-121, in The Linguistic Situation in the Gulf District and Adjacent Area, Papua New Guinea (editor K. J. Franklin) (1973)

Polish

Pronunciation

(Greater Poland):
- (Kuyavia) IPA^(key): /ˈsa/
- (Northern Greater Poland) IPA^(key): /ˈsa/
- (Eastern Greater Poland) IPA^(key): /ˈsa/

Adverb

sa (not comparable)

(Northern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Kuyavia) Alternative form of sam (“here”)

Rade

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

Rawang

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɑ˧/

Etymology 1

Verb

to wait.

Etymology 2

Noun

bird; fowl.

Romani

Pronoun

Romanian

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sa, from Latin sua, the feminine form of suus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/
Rhymes: -a

Determiner

sa f

feminine singular of său: his/her

Pronoun

sa f (possessive pronouns)

(preceded by "a") his/hers (that which is his or hers)

Sardinian

Alternative forms

s' (apocopated, used before vowels)

Etymology

From Latin ipsa (“herself”), feminine of ipse (“himself”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /su/

Article

sa f (plural (Logudorese, Nuorese) sas or (Campidanese) is, masculine su)

(Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese) the (feminine singular definite article)

References

Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “ísse”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”).

Preposition

in the
sa bhliadhna de dh'aois Chrìost ― in the year of our Lord, anno domini

Usage notes

Triggers lenition.
This form is used before nouns beginning with b, c, g, m or p; otherwise san is used instead.
Often understood to be a contraction of anns a', but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while anns is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

Related terms

ann an
anns

References

Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

Preposition

sa (Cyrillic spelling са)

Alternative form of s; used instead of s when the following word or group of words start with sibilants s, z, š or ž and before instrumental form of first-person pronoun ja (mnom).

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sa]

Pronoun

accusative of seba
Vidím sa v zrkadle. ― I see myself in the mirror.

Koho vidíš v zrkadle? Seba. ― Whom do you see in the mirror? Myself.

Usage notes

In regular sentences, it must take the 2nd position.
Modlím sa. ― I am praying.
In the past tense, it takes the third 3rd while the inflected form of the verb byť takes the 2nd position.
Modlil som sa. ― I was praying.
In the conditional mood, it takes the 4th position of the sentences with the inflected form of byť occupying the 3rd position and the pronoun by taking the 2nd position.
Modlil by som sa, keby... ― I would pray, if ...

Related terms

South Slavey

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *x̯ʷa. Cognates include Navajo shá and Dogrib sa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sà(ʔ)]
Hyphenation: sa

Noun

sa (stem -za-)

sun
month

Declension

Derived terms

References

Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 215

Southern Ndebele

Verb

-sa^?

to take

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Sranan Tongo

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Etymology 1

From English shall or borrowed from Dutch zal.

Particle

Verbal marker for modal aspect.
Verbal marker for the future tense.
Synonym: o

Etymology 2

From English saw.

Noun

A saw (tool with a serrated blade, used for sawing).

Sumerian

Romanization

Romanization of 𒊓 (sa)

Swazi

Verb

-sá

to dawn

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swedish

Etymology

Apocopic form of sade

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɑː/
Rhymes: -ɑː

Verb

(somewhat informal) past indicative of säga

Anagrams

-as, as

Tagalog

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Bikol Central sa, Cebuano sa, Hiligaynon sa, Waray-Waray ha, Tausug ha, and Gorontalo ta.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /sa/ [sɐ]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: sa

Preposition

sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

indirect object marker: to
Binigay ko na ang lahat sa kaibigan ko. ― I already gave everything to my friend.
used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; at; on (not used in a positive equational sentence)
Sa Pilipinas ako ipinanganak. ― I was born in the Philippines.

Wala siya sa opisina. ― He's not at the office.
used to refer towards a location: to; toward
Pupunta siya sa sinehan mamaya. ― He's going to the movies later.
used to refer to accompaniment: with; together with; in company with
Sumama si Juan sa tatay niya. ― Juan went with his father.
used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
Sa Lunes kami uuwi. ― We're going home on Monday.
used in comparisons: than
Synonym: kaysa

Mas mabilis ang eroplano sa kotse mo. ― The airplane is faster than your car.
used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of (usually with galing or tubo)
Tubo siya sa Cebu. ― He is a native from Cebu.
a prescribed point in time when something occurred: upon; on; at the time of
Sa pagpasok niya sa bahay, tumunog ang telepono. ― Upon his entrance to the house, the telephone rang.
used to refer to the cause: due to; from; of
Namatay sila sa gutom. ― They died of hunger.
used to refer to the basis: on the basis of; on
Lumabas ang estudyante sa pahintulot ng guro. ― The student went out based on the permission from the teacher.
used to refer to one's dependence on or use of: on; through the use of
Nabuhay sila sa tubig at tinapay lamang. ― They lived only on water and bread.
used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases
sa pamamagitan ng ― by means of

mula sa ― from

Usage notes

This is not used with names of people or other living beings, where kay or kina is used instead.
For positive equational sentences, to refer to a location of something, nasa, na kay, or na kina is used instead.

Alternative forms

s — text messaging

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜐ (sa).

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /sa/ [sɐ]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: sa

Noun

sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

the name of the Latin-script letter S/s, in the Abakada alphabet
Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) es, (in the Abecedario) ese

Etymology 3

See tsa.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsa/ [ˈsa]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: sa

Noun

sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

Obsolete form of tsa.

Talysh

Etymology

Cognate with Persian (sad).

Numeral

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {}.

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Common Bantu *-ca (“empty”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Adjective

-sa (declinable)

(rare) empty, bare
Near-synonym: -onka

bigere bisa ― barefoot

Declension

Derived terms

busa (“naked; nothing”)

References

Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[10], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 349
Rubongoya, L. T. (2013) Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[11], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 352
Entry 9239 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

Tunica

Noun

Turkish

Phrase

(Internet) Initialism of selamünaleyküm.

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [saː˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂaː˧˧] ~ [saː˧˧]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂaː˧˧] ~ [saː˧˧]

Etymology 1

Verb

sa • (蹉, 沙, 莎)

to fall (especially from the sky); to drop down; to prolapse

Derived terms

Related terms

sà
sạ

Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紗.

Noun

gauze

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Romanization

Sino-Vietnamese reading of 沙 (“sand”)
Sino-Vietnamese reading of 砂 (“sand”)

Derived terms

Welsh

Verb

sa (not mutable)

(South Wales) first-person singular present negative colloquial of bod
(colloquial) Contraction of basai.

Usage notes

Unlike other negative verb forms, the present negative form—and so, which is used for all other persons—is not complemented by ddim after the subject.

West Frisian

Conjunction

West Makian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s̪a/

Verb

(stative) to be bad
(stative) to be rotten

Conjugation

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[12], Pacific linguistics

Western Cham

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa/

Numeral

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Xârâgurè

Etymology

Compare Drehu xe (“smack”).

Verb

References

Claire Moyse-Faurie, Constructions expressing middle, reflexive and reciprocal situations in some Oceanic languages, in Reciprocals and Reflexives: Theoretical and Typological Explorations

Xhosa

Etymology 1

Verb

-sa^?

to take

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sâː]

Ideophone

sâ

Signifies scattering.

Yámana

Pronoun

Zhuang

Etymology

Pronunciation

(Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θa˨˦/
Tone numbers: sa¹
Hyphenation: sa

Noun

sa (Sawndip form 砟, 1957–1982 spelling sa)

sand

Adjective

sa (1957–1982 spelling sa)

sandy

Zou

Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *saa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sà/
Hyphenation: sa

Adjective

Etymology 2

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *shaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sǎ/
Hyphenation: sa

Noun

sá

meat
animal

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tshaʔ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sâ/
Hyphenation: sa

Adjective

sà

dense, thick

References

Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 62

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *-kéa.

Verb

-sá

(intransitive) to dawn

Inflection

Etymology 2

Clipping of -yisa.

Verb

-sa

(transitive) to take to
(transitive) to convey, to send, to transfer

Inflection

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”
C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”

sa

sa

Translingual

Symbol

Abau

Noun

References

Acehnese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Numeral

References

Ainu

Noun

References

Albanian

Etymology

Pronoun

Derived terms

References

Ama

Pronunciation

Noun

Atong (India)

Pronunciation

Numeral

Synonyms

References

Bahnar

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Balinese

Romanization

Banjarese

Numeral

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adjective

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

Article

References

Cebuano

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Preposition

Usage notes

See also

Etymology 2

Article

Usage notes

Etymology 3

Article

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Noun

Chipewyan

Etymology

Noun

Drung

Etymology

Noun

References

Duriankere

Noun

Further reading

Duun

Noun

Further reading

Eastern Cham