run

run

synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples & translations of run in English

English Online Dictionary. What means run‎? What does run mean?

Translingual

Symbol

run

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kirundi.

English

Alternative forms

  • rin, ren (dialectal)

Etymology

From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen, yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”) (compare also *rannijaną (“to make run”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”).

Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), Dutch rennen (“to run, race”), Alemannic German ränne (“to run”), German rennen (“to run, race”), rinnen (“to flow”), Rhein, Danish rende (“to run”), Swedish ränna (“to run”), Swedish rinna (“to flow”), Icelandic renna (“to flow”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See random.

Pronunciation

  • (General American, UK) IPA(key): /ɹʌn/
  • (Northern England, Ireland) IPA(key): /ɹʊn/
  • Rhymes: -ʌn

Verb

run (third-person singular simple present runs, present participle running, simple past ran, past participle run or (nonstandard, colloquial) ran)

  1. To move swiftly.
    1. (intransitive) To move forward quickly upon two feet by alternately making a short jump off either foot.
      Coordinate term: walk
      • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
    2. (intransitive) To go at a fast pace; to move quickly.
    3. (transitive) To cover (a course or a distance) by running.
    4. (transitive) To complete a running course or event in (a given time).
    5. (intransitive) To move briskly or smoothly with a motion of sliding, rolling, sweeping etc.
    6. (transitive) To cause to move quickly or lightly.
    8. (transitive or intransitive) To compete in a race.
    9. (transitive) To transport (someone or something), notionally at a brisk pace.
    10. (transitive, intransitive) Of a means of transportation: to travel (a route).
    11. (transitive) To cause (a vehicle) to travel a route
    12. (transitive) To transit (a length of a river), as in whitewater rafting.
    13. (intransitive) Of fish, to migrate for spawning.
    14. (American football, transitive or intransitive) To carry (a football) down the field, as opposed to passing or kicking.
    15. (Should we delete(+) this sense?) (transitive) To achieve or perform by running or as if by running.
    16. (intransitive) To flee from a danger or towards help.
    17. (figurative, transitive) To pass (without stopping), typically a stop signal, stop sign, or duty to yield the right of way.
    18. (transitive, juggling, colloquial) To juggle a pattern continuously, as opposed to starting and stopping quickly.
  2. (fluids) To flow.
    1. (intransitive) Of a liquid, to flow.
    2. (intransitive, figuratively) To move or spread quickly.
    3. (intransitive) Of an object, to have a liquid flowing from it.
    4. (transitive) To make a liquid flow; to make liquid flow from or into an object.
    5. (intransitive) To become liquid; to melt.
    6. (intransitive) To leak or spread in an undesirable fashion; to bleed (especially used of dye or paint).
    7. To fuse; to shape; to mould; to cast.
  3. (nautical, of a vessel) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled.
  4. (transitive) To control or manage; to be in charge of.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
  6. (intransitive) To be a candidate in an election.
  7. To make participate in certain kinds of competitions.
    1. (transitive) To make enter a race.
    2. (transitive) To make stand in an election.
  8. To exert continuous activity; to proceed.
  9. (intransitive) To be presented in the media.
  10. (transitive) To print or broadcast in the media.
  11. (transitive) To smuggle (illegal goods).
  12. (transitive, agriculture) To sort through a large volume of produce in quality control.
  13. To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time.
    1. (intransitive) To extend in space or through a range (often with a measure phrase).
    2. (intransitive) To extend in time, to last, to continue (usually with a measure phrase).
    3. (transitive) To make (something) extend in space.
    4. (intransitive) Of a machine, including computer programs, to be operating or working normally.
    5. (transitive) To make a machine operate.
  14. (transitive) To execute or carry out a plan, procedure, or program.
  15. To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation.
  16. (copulative) To become different in a way mentioned (usually to become worse).
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
  17. (transitive) To cost an amount of money.
  18. (intransitive) Of stitches or stitched clothing, to unravel.
  19. (transitive) To cause stitched clothing to unravel.
    • 1977-1980, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
      He took off the nylons & had runned one. He said "now I really look like a street whore!"
  20. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
  21. To cause to enter; to thrust.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
  22. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.
  23. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine.
  24. (transitive) To encounter or incur (a danger or risk).
  25. (transitive, obsolete) To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
  26. (transitive, obsolete) To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.
  27. To sew (a seam) by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.
  28. To control or have precedence in a card game.
  29. To be in form thus, as a combination of words.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
  30. (archaic) To be popularly known; to be generally received.
  31. To have growth or development.
  32. To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.
  33. To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company.
  34. To encounter or suffer (a particular, usually bad, fate or misfortune).
  35. (golf) To strike (the ball) in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole.
  36. (video games, rare) To speedrun.
  37. (sports, especially baseball) To eject from a game or match.
  38. To press (a bank, etc.) with immediate demands for payment.

Conjugation

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

run (plural runs)

  1. Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet.
  2. Act or instance of hurrying (to or from a place) (not necessarily on foot); dash or errand, trip.
    • 1759, N. Tindal, The Continuation of Mr Rapin's History of England, volume 21 (continuation volume 9), page 92:
      […] and on the 18th of January this squadron put to sea. The first place of rendezvous was the boy of port St. Julian, upon the coast of Patagonia, and all accidents were provided against with admirable foresight. Their run to port St. Julian was dangerous […]
  3. A pleasure trip.
  4. Flight, instance or period of fleeing.
  5. Migration of fish.
  6. A group of fish that migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning.
  7. A literal or figurative path or course for movement relating to:
    1. A (regular) trip or route.
      • 1977, Star Wars (film)
        You've never heard of the Millennium Falcon? It's the ship that made the Kessel Run in less than twelve parsecs.
    2. The route taken while running or skiing.
    3. (skiing, bobsledding) A single trip down a hill, as in skiing and bobsledding.
    4. The distance sailed by a ship.
    5. A voyage.
    6. A trial.
    7. (mathematics, computing) The execution of a program or model
    8. (video games, speedrunning) A playthrough, or attempted playthrough; a session of play.
  8. Unrestricted use. Only used in have the run of.
  9. An enclosure for an animal; a track or path along which something can travel.
  11. (Australia, New Zealand) A rural landholding for farming, usually for running sheep, and operated by a runholder.
  12. State of being current; currency; popularity.
  13. Something continuous or sequential.
    1. A continuous period (of time) marked by a trend; a period marked by a continuing trend.
      • 1782 Frances Burney Cecilia
        “ […] had had the preceding night an uncommon run of luck”.
    2. A series of tries in a game that were successful.
    3. A production quantity (such as in a factory).
    4. The period of showing of a play, film, TV series, etc.
    5. (slang) A period of extended (usually daily) drug use.
      • 1977, Richard P. Rettig, Manual J. Torres, Gerald R. Garrett, Manny: a criminal-addict's story, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) →ISBN
        I was hooked on dope, and hooked bad, during this whole period, but I was also hooked behind robbery. When you're on a heroin run, you stay loaded so long as you can score.
    6. (card games) A sequence of cards in a suit in a card game.
    7. (music) A rapid passage in music, especially along a scale.
  15. A flow of liquid; a leak.
  16. (chiefly eastern North Midland US, especially Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia) A small creek or part thereof. (Compare Southern US branch and New York and New England brook.)
  17. A quick pace, faster than a walk.
    1. (of horses) A fast gallop.
  18. (banking) A sudden series of demands on a bank or other financial institution, especially characterised by great withdrawals.
  19. Any sudden large demand for something.
  20. Various horizontal dimensions or surfaces
    1. The top of a step on a staircase, also called a tread, as opposed to the rise.
    3. The horizontal length of a set of stairs
    4. (construction) Horizontal dimension of a slope.
  21. A standard or unexceptional group or category.
  22. In sports
    1. (baseball) A score when a runner touches all bases legally; the act of a runner scoring.
    2. (cricket) The act of passing from one wicket to another; the point scored for this.
    3. (American football) A running play.
      [...] one of the greatest runs of all time.
    4. (golf) The movement communicated to a golf ball by running it.
    5. (golf) The distance a ball travels after touching the ground from a stroke.
    6. The distance drilled with a bit, in oil drilling.
  24. A line of knit stitches that have unravelled, particularly in a nylon stocking.
  25. (nautical) The stern of the underwater body of a ship from where it begins to curve upward and inward.
  26. (mining) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by licence of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes.
  27. A pair or set of millstones.

Synonyms

  • (horizontal part of a step): tread
  • (unravelling): ladder (British)
  • (computing): execute, start
  • See also Thesaurus:walk

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “horizontal part of a step”): rise, riser
  • (antonym(s) of “horizontal distance of a set of stairs”): rise

Derived terms

Translations

See also

  • (computer science): trajectory

Adjective

run (not comparable)

  1. In a liquid state; melted or molten.
  2. Cast in a mould.
    • 1833, The Cabinet Cyclopaedia: A treatise on the progressive improvement and present state of the Manufactures in Metal, volume 2, Iron and Steel (printed in London), page 314:
      Vast quantities are cast in sand moulds, with that kind of run steel which is so largely used in the production of common table-knives and forks.
    • c. 1839, (Richard of Raindale, The Plan of my House vindicated, quoted by) T. T. B. in the Dwelling of Richard of Raindale, King of the Moors, published in The Mirror, number 966, 7 September 1839, page 153:
      For making tea I have a kettle,
      Besides a pan made of run metal;
      An old arm-chair, in which I sit well —
      The back is round.
  3. Exhausted; depleted (especially with "down" or "out").
  4. (of a zoology) Travelled, migrated; having made a migration or a spawning run.
  5. Smuggled.
    run brandy

Verb

run

  1. past participle of rin

Anagrams

  • Nur, URN, nur, urn

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

run

  1. inflection of runnen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

Gothic

Romanization

run

  1. Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌽

Mandarin

Romanization

run

  1. Nonstandard spelling of rún.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of rùn.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Norman

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

run m (plural runs)

  1. (nautical) beam (of a ship)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

  • rón f, rjón n (dialectal)

Etymology

From Old Norse rún f (“rune, secret”), from Proto-Norse *ᚱᚢᚾᚢ (*runu /⁠rūnu⁠/), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō. Akin to English roun (“secret; rune”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /rʉːn/

Noun

run f (definite singular runa, indefinite plural runer, definite plural runene)

  1. witchcraft
    taka run på ein ― use witchcraft on someone
  2. (chiefly in the plural):
    1. secret or magic aids
    2. rune (a letter of runic alphabet)
      Synonym: rune f

Derived terms

Related terms

Female given names:

Male given names:

References

  • “Runer” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *rūnu. Cognate with the Old Saxon rūna, Old High German rūna (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ruːn/

Noun

rūn f

  1. whisper, counsel, consultation
  2. rune, letter
  3. mystery, secret
  4. advice
  5. writing

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

Derived terms

  • ġerȳne
  • rūnere
  • rūnian

Descendants

  • Middle English: roun
    • Scots: rune, roun, round
    • English: roun, round

See also

  • dierne (adjective)

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈrun/
  • Rhymes: -un
  • Syllabification: run

Noun

run n

  1. genitive plural of runo

Noun

run f

  1. genitive plural of runa

Anagrams

  • urn

Spanish

Noun

run m (plural runes)

  1. (Honduras) armadillo

Further reading

  • “run”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *-ruːn.

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [zun˧˧]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [ʐun˧˧]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [ɹʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Verb

run • (惇, 慵, 敦, 𢹈)

  1. to tremble, to shiver (due to cold)

Derived terms

Related terms

  • rung (“to shake”)

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɾũ̀/

Verb

rùn

  1. to smell; to stink

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɾṹ/

Verb

rún

  1. to crumble; to shatter
    Ó ti rún wómúwómú ― It has completely crumbled
  2. to chew
    Mo fẹ́ rún obì ― I want to chew a kola nut
  3. to crinkle; to be wrinkled
    Ṣé ẹ̀wù mi ti rún? ― Are my clothes creased?
Derived terms
  • èérún (“crumb”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɾṹ/

Verb

rún

  1. to tan (leather)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɾũ̄/

Verb

run

  1. to destroy; to ruin
  2. to perish
Derived terms

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɾũ̄/

Verb

run

  1. (with inú) to ache
    Inú ń rún un. ― Her stomach is aching.

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Related Words

trunk

runtime

runs

running

runner

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This article based on an article on Wiktionary. The list of authors can be seen in the page history there. The original work has been modified. This article is distributed under the terms of this license.