r - synonyms, antonyms, definitions

r

synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples & translations of r in English

English Online Dictionary. What means r‎? What does r mean?

Translingual

Etymology 1

Modification of capital letter R by not closing the bottom of the loop but continuing into the leg to save a pen stroke, later shortening the right leg into a simple arc.

Alternative forms

ꝛ (archaic)

Letter

r (upper case R)

The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Symbol

Abbreviation of ronto-.
(engineering, geometry) radius
(IPA) (a) an alveolar trill.
(b) Used in broad transcription for any rhotic consonant, e.g. in English, French or Japanese where the ⟨r⟩ is not a trill [r].

(c) (superscript ⟨ʳ⟩) an [r]-trill release (of a plosive); a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [r].

(d) (superscript, obsolete) a non-trilled rhotic coloration or offglide of a vowel; a rhotic vowel, now formed with ⟨◌˞⟩ or a more-precise transcription such as ⟨ʴ⟩ – see ⟨ʳ⟩.
(phonetics) used in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent various rhotic sounds:
1. Romanization of the Hebrew ר‎ (“reish”, “resh”, “rēš”) in the Common Israeli, Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006), and ISO 259 transliteration schemes
2. Romanization of the Hebrew רּ‎ (“reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”) in the Common Israeli transliteration scheme

Synonyms

(Romanization of רּ, “reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”): rr (in the Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006) and ISO 259 transliteration schemes)

Gallery

Letter styles

English

Etymology 1

Old English lower case letter r, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case r of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ.

Pronunciation

(letter name):
(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/

(General American) IPA^(key): /ɑɹ/

(Ireland) IPA^(key): /ɔːɹ/

(AAVE) IPA^(key): /ˈɑɹə/

Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
(phoneme): (non-rhotic) IPA^(key): /ɹ/ or a lengthening of the previous vowel, (rhotic) IPA^(key): /ɹ/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R, plural rs or r's)

The eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

Number

r (lower case, upper case R)

The ordinal number eighteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

From are and our, pronounced like the name of the letter r.

Verb

(Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of are.
How r u ― How are you?

Translations

Determiner

(Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of our.

Etymology 3

Abbreviations.

(stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɑr/, including the verb are
(stenoscript) Abbreviation of her and inflection hers.
(stenoscript) Abbreviation of our, inflection ours, and homophone hour.

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r lower case (upper case R)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Basque

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ere/, [e̞.re̞]

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The nineteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

Dutch

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -ɛr
(letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛr/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

bekakte r

Egyptian

Etymology 1

The actual reading of this word is uncertain, as it is always written as an ideogram, but evidence from Coptic suggests the original was rꜣ. The extension in meaning to ‘part, piece, fraction’ might be either by way of a mouthful being used as a standard share in some distribution of food or goods, or else extended from its meaning of ‘opening’ > ‘division’.

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛr/
- Conventional anglicization: er
(modern Egyptological, US) IPA^(key): /ɝ/

Noun

mouth (of humans or animals)
- Reign of Amenemhat II or Senusret II, c. 1929–1878 BCE, Stela of Hekaib (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AP 78):
(figurative, chiefly in titles) speaker, mouthpiece
utterance, statement
especially, ritual utterance, spell
(rare) language, manner of speech
opening, hole
bodily orifice, opening of the human body in general, including eyes, ears, nostrils, the vulva, and open wounds
entrance to a building, doorway
entrance to a land or place in general
mouth of a river
water’s edge, waterline
(especially in compounds) place or thing seen as an opening from one point to another, passage, thoroughfare
a measure of volume equivalent to ¹⁄₃₂ of a hnw or ¹⁄₃₂₀ of a ḥqꜣt (about 15 millilitres); mouthful
part, piece, fraction
(mathematics) used as a numerator of 1 in fractions, literally “piece of (the denominator)”.
- 12th Dynasty, Siut Tomb I, 285, published in Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, The inscriptions of Siûṭ and Dêr Rîfeh:

Usage notes

Inflection

In the sense of ‘mouth’ the plural is rare, as the singular is usually used even in reference to the mouths of multiple people.

Alternative forms

The senses relating to ‘opening, doorway’ sometimes carry different determinatives:

The sense ‘water’s edge’ is similarly sometimes found with a different determinative:

Derived terms

Descendants

Demotic: rꜣ
- Coptic: ⲣⲟ (ro) (Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic), ⲗⲁ (la) (Fayyumic)

Etymology 2

Possibly cognate to Hebrew אֶל‎ (ʾel, “to, at”), Arabic إِلَى‎ (ʔilā, “to, until, near”).

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛr/
- Conventional anglicization: er
(modern Egyptological, US) IPA^(key): /ɝ/

Preposition

regarding, with respect to, concerning, according to
in order to, for (the purpose of)
(with following infinitive) forms the periphrastic prospective of a verb
(with verbs of motion, of places) to, towards
(in adverbial sentences, of places, roles, or functions) headed for, destined for, bound for
(of time) at, in, on
against, in opposition to
from, apart from (ablative)
(after an adjective or adverb, forming the comparative) than, by comparison to
(generally in sentence-initial form jr) introduces the protasis of a conditional sentence; if, when, as
(with a verb in the terminative as object) until

Inflection

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁ- (a-), ⲁⲣⲁ⸗ (ara⸗)
Bohairic Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲣⲟ⸗ (ero⸗)
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲁⲗⲁ⸗ (ala⸗)
Sahidic Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲣⲟ⸗ (ero⸗)

Particle

enclitic

(with attached suffix pronoun) so, regarding (that, you, me, etc.), as for (that, you, me, etc.)

Usage notes

This usage is distinguished from the preposition by the fact that it occurs as the enclitic second element in a clause instead of at the end of a clause, as is otherwise the case with prepositional phrases.

Alternative forms

References

“rʾ (lemma ID 92560)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
“r (lemma ID 91900)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[2], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
“jr (lemma ID 28170)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[3], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[4], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 103.6–103.9
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[5], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 386.6–388.10, 389.1–392.10
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 145–146
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 65, 71, 87, 118, 170, 179–180, 196, 410–411.
Gardiner, Alan (1957) Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, third edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 429
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42

Esperanto

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /ro/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.

Estonian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈerː/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The eighteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

Faroese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɹ/

Letter

r (upper case R)

The twentieth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on Swedish, German and Latin. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and r for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The eighteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called är or er and written in the Latin script.

French

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛʁ/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The eighteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Fula

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾ/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

Gothic

Romanization

Romanization of 𐍂

Hungarian

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈr]
(letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈɛrː]

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The twenty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Ido

Pronunciation

(context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɾ/
(letter name) IPA^(key): /ɾe/

Letter

r (upper case R)

The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Italian

Letter

r f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case R)

The sixteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and r for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɾ]

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

Livonian

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (upper case R)

The twenty-ninth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Malay

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Maltese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The twenty-second letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Mandarin

Romanization

r (r⁵／r⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄖ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 兒／儿

References

Wenlin Pinyin dictionary
erhua on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Norwegian

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /ærː/, /æɾː/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/, /ɾ/, /ʁ/

Letter

The eighteenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

/ʁ/ is the pronunciation of r usually found in southern and southeastern dialects of Norway. Bergen has the dialect best known for this sound. Said to come from Danish and/or German, originally from French.
Dialects with /ʁ/ do not have retroflex consonants.

Nupe

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The twentieth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Polish

Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and r for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (upper case R, lower case)

The twenty-third letter of the Polish alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Romani

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

(International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

References

Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “R, r”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 14

Romanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The twenty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called er, re, or rî and written in the Latin script.

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

R (uppercase)

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (Cyrillic spelling р)

The 23rd letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by p and followed by s.

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and r for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (upper case R)

The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (phoneme) /ɾ/, /r/
IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈere/ [ˈe.re]
- Rhymes: -ere

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The nineteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

Tagalog

Etymology

From Spanish r. Each pronunciation has a different source:

Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English r.
Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da/ra).
Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish r.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: R
(letter name, Filipino alphabet): IPA^(key): /ʔaɾ/, [ʔɐɾ]
(letter name, Abakada alphabet): IPA^(key): /ɾa/, [ɾɐ]
(letter name, Abecedario): IPA^(key): /ˈʔeɾe/, [ˈʔɛ.ɾɛ]
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/, [ɾ]
Rhymes: -aɾ, -a, -eɾe

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔)

The twentieth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Filipino alphabet), called ar and written in the Latin script.

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R, Baybayin spelling ᜇ)

The fifteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abakada alphabet), called ra and written in the Latin script.

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ)

(historical) The twenty-first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called ere and written in the Latin script.

Turkish

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɾ/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.

Turkmen

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (upper case R)

The twenty-first letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

Yoruba

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/
(letter name): IPA^(key): /ɾí/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The nineteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called rí and written in the Latin script.

Zulu

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

The eighteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

r

r

Translingual

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Letter

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Symbol

Synonyms

Gallery

See also

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Number

Etymology 2

Verb

Translations

Determiner

Etymology 3

See also

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Basque

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Dutch

Pronunciation

Letter

Derived terms

See also

See also

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Inflection

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Preposition

Inflection

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

Particle

Usage notes

Alternative forms

References

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Estonian

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Faroese

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

French

Pronunciation

Letter

Fula