English Online Dictionary. What means po? What does po mean?
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pəʊ/
- Rhymes: -əʊ
Etymology 1
From Middle English po (found also in pocock), from Old English pāwa, pēa (“peacock”), from Proto-Germanic *pāwô (“peacock”), from Latin pāvō. Cognate with Dutch pauw, German Pfau. See also peacock.
Noun
po (plural pos)
- (obsolete) A peacock. [8th–19th c.]
Etymology 2
A diminutive of pot.
Noun
po (plural pos)
- (UK, Australia, New Zealand, colloquial, dated) A chamberpot. [from 19th c.]
Synonyms
- See Thesaurus:chamber pot
Derived terms
Descendants
- Yoruba: póò
Etymology 3
Clipping of police.
Noun
po pl (plural only)
- (slang) The police.
Alternative forms
- po'
Related terms
Etymology 4
From Hokkien 薄 (po̍h / po̍k, “weak”).
Alternative forms
- poh
Pronunciation
- (Singapore) IPA(key): [p˭o]
Adjective
po (not comparable)
- (Singapore, colloquial, used as a modifier after kopi (“coffee”) or teh (“tea”)) Thinner; with more water added to dilute it.
Related terms
See also
Anagrams
- OP, Op., op, op.
Akan
Pronunciation
- Tone: LL
Verb
po
- to bully
- po mo - to bully you
References
- Christaller, Johann Gottlieb (1881) A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante Language Called Tshi (Chwee, Tw̌i)[5], Basel, page 381
Albanian
Etymology
According to Brian D. Joseph, it is a difficult word with unclear root. Hamp claims origin from Proto-Indo-European *pest (“so”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔ/
Particle
po
- yes
- Used with the present and imperfect tense of a verb to show a continuous action.
It corresponds to the English "be + gerund" formation.
References
Amondawa
Verb
po
- do (make, work, perform)
References
- V. da Silva Sinha et al, Event-based time intervals in an Amazonian culture, in Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Language, Culture, and Cognition
Asaro'o
Alternative forms
- fo (Molet Kasu, Molet Mur)
Noun
po
- water
Further reading
- John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012), page 50
Balkan Romani
Etymology
Borrowed from Macedonian по- (po-) or dialectal Serbo-Croatian.
Particle
po
- -er, more; forms comparative adjectives and adverbs.
- follows the definite article to form the superlative
References
Bikol Central
Etymology
Borrowed from Tagalog po.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpoʔ/ [ˈpoʔ]
Particle
pò (Basahan spelling ᜉᜓ)
- (formal, polite) marks respect toward the person the speaker is addressing
- Synonym: tabi
Borôro
Noun
po
- synonym of pobo (“water”)
References
- Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural [Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
Chickasaw
Pronoun
po
- our
Chinese
Etymology
Borrowed from English post.
Pronunciation
Verb
po
- (Internet slang) to post
- fb狂po相,朋友易受傷 [Cantonese, trad.]
- From: [6]
- fb kwong4 pou1 soeng3-2, pang4 jau5 ji6 sau6 soeng1 [Jyutping]
- post too many images on Facebook and you might damage your [relationships with] friends
fb狂po相,朋友易受伤 [Cantonese, simp.]
Noun
po
- (Internet slang) an Internet post, thread, topic, etc
Derived terms
Cornish
Etymology 1
According to an Gerlyver Meur, either an unstressed form of py (“which”) or provected form of the present-future subjunctive of bos (“to be”).
Alternative forms
- bo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔ/
Conjunction
po
- or
Etymology 2
Contraction of pa (“when”) and the present-future subjunctive of bos (“to be”).
Pronunciation
- (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): /poː/
Contraction
po
- (Revived Late Cornish) contraction of pa vo (“when ... is”)
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpo]
Etymology 1
Noun
po n
- abbreviation of pondělí (“Monday”)
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 2
From Old Czech po, from Proto-Slavic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.
Preposition
po [with locative]
- after
Preposition
po [with accusative]
- (space, time, scales, lists) up to, for
- (dimension) all through
Further reading
- “po”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “po”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “po”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowing from French pot.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /poː/
- Rhymes: -oː
Noun
po m (plural po's, diminutive pootje n)
- chamber pot
Descendants
- → Papiamentu: pò
Anagrams
- op
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /po/
- Rhymes: -o
- Hyphenation: po
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Russian по (po) and Polish po.
Preposition
po
- A grammatical particle used with quantity words to indicate rate or a distributive quantity: each, apiece, at, @
- Antonym: -ope
- Mi kudrados ĉiutage po 10 horoj. ― I will sew 10 hours a day.
- Oni povas nokti po 6 frankoj. ― You can spend the night for 6 francs (a night).
- La kurso daŭras dum 10 tagoj po 30 minutoj. ― The course lasts 10 days at 30 minutes (a day).
- La komitato estas rebalotota ĉiun trian jaron po triono. ― A third of the committee is reelected every third year.
- La gastoj trinkis po (unu) glaseton da vino. ― The guests each drank one glass of wine.
- Ili ricevis po 5 pomojn. ― They received 5 apples apiece.
- Elektu al vi po 3 homojn el ĉiu tribo. ― Choose for yourselves 3 people (apiece) from each tribe.
Derived terms
- po-
- poa
Etymology 2
Noun
po (accusative singular po-on, plural po-oj, accusative plural po-ojn)
- The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.
See also
- (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo
Galician
Alternative forms
- pó
- poo
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese poo, from Vulgar Latin *pulus, from earlier *pulvus n, from Latin pulvis m, from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”). Compare Portuguese pó. Doublet of polvo, which was borrowed from Spanish polvo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpɔː]
Noun
po m (plural pos)
- dust
- powder
Derived terms
- poalla
- poeira
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “poo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “poo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “po”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “po”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “po”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Guaraní
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /po/
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *po, from Proto-Tupian *po.
Cognate with Old Tupi pó.
Noun
po (plural pokuéra)
- hand
Numeral
po
- five
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *por, from Proto-Tupian *pot.
Cognate with Old Tupi por.
Verb
po
- jump
Conjugation
- (che) apo
- (nde) repo
- (ha'e) opo
- (ñande) japo
- (ore) ropo
- (peẽ) pepo
- (ha'ekuéra) opo
References
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology 1
From Portuguese pau. Cognate with Kabuverdianu pó.
Noun
po
- tree
- stick
Etymology 2
From Portuguese pó. Cognate with Kabuverdianu puera.
Noun
po
- dust
Haitian Creole
Etymology
From French peau (“skin”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /po/
Noun
po
- (anatomy) skin
Hausa
Etymology
Probably from French pot.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pôː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [pôː]
Noun
pô m (possessed form pôn)
- children's toilet
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Esperanto po, Russian по (po).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /po/
Preposition
po
- for, at the price of, in exchange for; per
- Me kompris la domo po quaradek mil euri. ― I bought the house for forty thousand euros.
Imonda
Noun
po
- water
Further reading
- Walter Seiler, The Main Structures of Imonda (1984)
- Walter Seiler, Imonda: Papuan Language, page 188: "Another excellent example that illustrates the relational character of -l, is provided by po water. When po is used to refer to general water, rain or creeks it has no -l. When it refers to wound water or coconut water it does end in -l."
Japanese
Romanization
po
- The hiragana syllable ぽ (po) or the katakana syllable ポ (po) in Hepburn romanization.
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa (“after, by”) (compare Latvian pa, pa-, Old Prussian po (“after, by, under”), Proto-Slavic *po (“after, by, at”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, *h₂epó (“away, from”). Other cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu, “from”), Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (a-p /apa/, “away”), Latin ab (“from”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of”). See pa-, pó- for more.
Preposition
põ
- under, beneath (movement, position) [with instrumental]
- (with instrumental or genitive case) beside, near, along (movement, position)
- (with instrumental or dative case) expresses the direction of movement
- eik põ dešinei ― go to the right
- after, following a certain time period, event; after the disappearance or loss of [with genitive]
- expresses gradual progression; one after another [with genitive]
- mẽtai põ mẽtų ― year after year
- until, up to a certain time [with dative]
- Teñ jiẽ gyvẽna ir̃ põ šiái diẽnai ― they live there until this day
- around, throughout the whole of [with accusative]
- keliáuti põ Europą ― travel around Europe
- used to express division into equal parts [with accusative]
- vaikai̇̃ gãvo põ gãbalą sū́rio ― the kids got a piece of cheese each
- põ truputį ― little by little
- (with genitive, instrumental or dative case) expresses the manner of an action
Related terms
- apačia
- pa-, po-
References
Lower Sorbian
Preposition
po
- superseded spelling of pó
Mandarin
Romanization
po (po5 / po0, Zhuyin ˙ㄆㄛ)
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 桲
po
- nonstandard spelling of pō
- nonstandard spelling of pó
- nonstandard spelling of pǒ
- nonstandard spelling of pò
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle English
Alternative forms
- pa, paa, paue, pe, poo, poue
Etymology
Inherited from Old English pāwa, pēa, from Proto-Germanic *pāwô, from Latin pāvō. Influenced by the first element of Old Norse páfugl.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɔː/, /ˈpau̯(ə)/, /ˈpɛː/
- (Northern) IPA(key): /ˈpaː/
Noun
po (plural poos)
- peacock
Derived terms
- pecok
Descendants
- English: pea, po (archaic)
References
- “pō, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-10-10.
Mokilese
Noun
po
- shelf
Nupe
Etymology
Cognate to Gbiri-Niragu pobo.
Verb
po
- to burn, to roast
References
- R. Blench, The Benue-Congo languages
- Samuel Crowther, A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Nupe Language (1864)
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈpo/
- IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈpo/
Preposition
po
- for (for the purpose of) [with accusative or locative]
- until; after [with accusative]
- for the entire, all [with accusative]
- during, in the period of [with accusative or genitive or locative]
- for the Xth time [with accusative]
- per, a piece [with accusative or locative]
- after; because of [with dative or locative]
- up to; towards [with dative]
- to behind [with dative]
- according to [with dative or locative]
- in the manner of [with dative]
- for (to what end) [with dative] (of a success or failure)
- creates adverbs in conjunction with an adjective. [with dative]
- denotes repeated action. [with dative]
- on top of; on [with locative]
- denotes general area as scene of action; around, about; along [with locative]
- with, by way of [with locative]
- behind [with locative]
- after [with locative]
- carried out by [with locative]
- in the absence of [with locative]
- through, by means of [with locative]
- as to, with regard to [with locative]
- denotes maximum amount; up to [with locative]
- denotes price of something. [with locative]
- more than [with locative]
- for, for the benefit of [with locative]
Descendants
- Czech: po
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “po”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /pɔ/
- IPA(key): (15th CE) /pɔ/
Preposition
po
- denotes sequence in time; after [with locative]
- Synonym: pod
- denotes general location; at, in, on [with locative or dative]
- (more specifically) along [with locative]
- denotes previous related person; after [with locative]
- denotes next in a sequence of people; after [with locative]
- denotes cause; after; because of [with locative]
- according to, in accordance with [with locative]
- denotes an instrument to an acction; with, by means of [with locative]
- according to, based on [with locative]
- denotes manner of the object; like, as [with locative]
- denotes distribution; per [with locative or dative]
- used in grammatical government; [with locative]
- it indicates a spatial limit; up to [with accusative]
- denotes a time when something takes place; during [with accusative or dative]
- denotes the aim or purpose of an action; for [with accusative]
- creates an adverb from the next noun; [with accusative]
- with an ordinal number; denotes which time in a sequence; for the _ time [with accusative]
- Synonym: za
- denotes the source or agent of an action; [with dative]
- denotes the distribution of the counted items; [with dative or accusative or locative]
Derived terms
Descendants
- Polish: po
- Silesian: po
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “po”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Paraguayan Guaraní
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /po/
Etymology 1
Shortened form of japo.
Noun
po
- hand
Etymology 2
From po (“five fingers”).
Numeral
po
- five
Etymology 3
Onomatopoeic
Verb
po
- to jump
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish po.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: po
Preposition
po
- after (later in time or sequence) [with locative]
- W piątki po pracy często chodzimy do pubu. ― On Fridays after work we often go to the pub.
- Cały dzień czyta książkę po książce o polityce. ― All day long he reads book after book about politics.
- after (in pursuit of) [with accusative]
- Jadą po nas! Zmykajcie! ― They're coming after us! Scram!
- around, about [with locative]
- Mój brat spędził miesiąc podróżując po Polsce. ― My brother spent a month travelling around Poland.
- past [with locative]
- Wykłady zaczynają się o kwadrans po ósmej. ― Lectures begin at quarter past eight.
- on [with locative]
- Kobiety siedzą po prawej stronie, a mężczyźni po lewej. ― Women sit on the right hand, and men on the left.
- for indicates that a container was previously used for something [with locative]
- Co zrobić ze słoikiem po dżemie? ― What can I do with an empty jam jar?
- from [with locative]
- Tę całą biżuterię odziedziczyłam po matce. ― I inherited all this jewellery from my mother.
- Od razu rozpoznałem go po grzmiącym głosie. ― I instantly recognised him from the booming voice.
- after (in allusion to), for [with locative]
- Nazwaliśmy naszego syna po zmarłym wujku. ― We named our son after his late uncle.
- done for (doomed) [with locative]
- Jest już po tobie, brachu. ― You're done for, bro.
- for (in order to obtain) [with accusative]
- Musimy pójść do sklepu po mleko. ― We have to go to the shop for milk.
- up to, as far as [with accusative]
- Woda w piwnicy była po kolana. ― The water in the cellar was up to our knees.
- in, for, at denotes a quantity of something [with accusative]
- Mam trzy zgrzewki po sześć puszek, czyli osiemnaście puszek. ― I have three multipacks of six cans, i.e. eighteen cans.
- Kupiłem te bilety po 20 złotych, a oferuję je po 10. ― I bought these tickets for 20 złoty each, but I'm offering them for 10.
- according to, in the way of, a la, as [with dative]
- Jego ulubioną potrawą jest karkówka po cygańsku. ― His favourite dish is gypsy pork.
- Lubię ją, ale tylko po przyjacielsku. ― I like her, but only as a friend.
- in (the language of) [with dative]
- Świetnie mówisz po polsku jak na cudzoziemca. ― You speak great Polish for a foreigner.
- Nie umiem pisać po chińsku. ― I don't know how to write in Chinese.
Usage notes
- In the dative, adjectives (formed from nouns) that end in -cki, -dzki, -ski for the lemma take the archaic suffixes -cku, -dzku, -sku instead of the usual -ckiemu, -dzkiemu, -skiemu when used with this preposition; therefore, po łucku, po grodzku, po kowalsku, but po cywilnemu, po macoszemu, po staremu.
Derived terms
Conjunction
po
- like
- when
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), po is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 282 times in scientific texts, 293 times in news, 195 times in essays, 552 times in fiction, and 406 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1728 times, making it the 24th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
Further reading
- po in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- po in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “po”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 274
Rapa Nui
Noun
po
- night
Samoan
Noun
po
- night
Sardinian
Alternative forms
- pro
Etymology
From Latin pro.
Preposition
po
- (Campidanese) for
Senggi
Noun
po
- water
References
- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 113
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From pol, from Proto-Slavic *polъ. See po-.
Alternative forms
- pȏl
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pôː/
Adverb
pȏ (Cyrillic spelling по̑)
- (Bosnia, Serbia) half
- sat i po ― hour and a half
- četiri i po ― four thirty
- čov(j)ek i po ― an excellent man
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)po.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pô/
Preposition
pȍ (Cyrillic spelling по̏)
- for [with accusative]
- otići po ml(ij)eko ― to go and get the milk
- po c(ij)eli dan ― all day long
- po šesti put ― for the sixth time
- biti štetan po nekoga/nešto ― to be harmful for sb/sth
- dobro/loše po njega ― good/bad for him
- over, through, across, in, on [with locative]
- udariti po glavi ― to hit on the head
- sn(ij)eg je pao po cesti ― snow fell on the road
- voda se prolila po podu ― water spilled over the floor
- šetati po šumi ― to walk in the woods
- by, with, through (using an intermediary or medium) [with locative]
- Poslao sam mu paket po zajedničkom prijatelju. ― I've sent him a package via a mutual friend.
- po zraku/vodi ― by air/water
- by, according to [with locative]
- sve ide po planu ― everything is going according to the plan
- Amerika je prva država po bogatstvu u sv(ij)etu. ― America is the richest country in the world.
- po glavi stanovnika ― per capita
- živ(j)eti po principima ― to live according to principles
- po mom(e) mišljenju ― in my opinion
- po mom računu ― by my reckoning
- po meni ― in my opinion; as far as I'm concerned
- svirati po sluhu ― to play by ear
- suditi po vanjštini ― to judge by appearance
- after [with locative]
- po svršetku sukoba ― after (the end of) the conflict
- during [with locative]
- po kiši/suncu ― in the rain/sun
- po danu ― during the day
- in miscellaneous senses in various phrasal constructs [with locative]
- razum(ij)e se (samo) po sebi ― it goes without saying
- neka bude po tvome ― let it be your way
- jednak po veličini ― equal in size
- sve je po starom ― everything is/goes in the accustomed/usual manner
- po običaju ― as usual, according to custom
- po vr(ij)ednosti ― in value
- po svoj prilici ― in all likelihood
- po rodu ― by birth
- po naravi/prirodi ― in nature
- po toj c(ij)eni ― at this price
- po paragrafu 13 ― under section 13
- po što po to ― by all means
- po mogućnosti ― if possible
- po redu ― in order, one after another
- po mom ukusu ― (according) to my taste
- po kvaliteti ― by quality
- po tome ― according to this/that, accordingly, consequently, then
- po zakonu ― according to the law, by the law
- po duljini ― lengthwise
Etymology 3
Particle
po (Cyrillic spelling по)
- (+ accusative case or nominative case) denoting distribution and succession; by, per, each, apiece
- Popili smo svi po čašicu rakije. ― We all drank a glass of rakija each.
- korak po korak ― step by step
- jedan po jedan ― one by one
- triput po satu ― three times per hour
- Svi smo dobili po jabuku. ― Each of us received an apple.
References
- “po”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
- “po”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Silesian
Alternative forms
- pō (before nasals)
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish po.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: po
Preposition
po
- denotes general location about, around; along [with locative]
- Synonym: na
- Antonyms: nad, pod
- after [with locative]
- Antonym: przed
- denotes point in space on [with locative]
- Synonym: z
- dith certain verbs of speaking; denotes recipient of a message. [with locative]
- Synonym: na
- denotes maximum amount; up to [with accusative or locative]
- Synonym: z
- dreates an adverb from an adjective. [with dative] (archaic dative ending in -u)
- denotes aim of an action; for [with locative]
- for indicates that a container was previously used for something [with locative]
- denotes characteristic by which one might recognize something; from [with locative]
- denotes absence of something or something; after [with accusative]
- denotes possessor. [with locative]
Related terms
Further reading
- po in silling.org
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pɔ]
Preposition
po
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.
Further reading
- “po”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *po.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔ/
Preposition
po
- around, about [with locative]
- along, through (the length of) [with locative]
- according to
- in the manner of [with accusative]
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Spanish
Etymology
From pues.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpo/ [ˈpo]
- Rhymes: -o
- Syllabification: po
Interjection
po
- (Andalusia) emphatic, well
- Synonym: pues
- Po yo pensaba que no. ― Well, I didn't think so.
- Po sí ― Yes.
- (colloquial, Chile) emphatic
- Synonym: pues
- ¡Sí po! ― Yes, of course!
- ¡Ya, po! ― Come on!
Usage notes
- Always used at the end of a sentence.
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-po
- present stem of -wapo (“to be (at a definite place)”)
- tupo ― we are (there)
See also
- -po: verbal affix
- -wako (“to be (at an indefinite place)”)
- -wamo (“to be inside (of a definite place)”)
Tagalog
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puəq. Compare Malay empu, Indonesian empu, Old Javanese mpu. Also possibly from clipping of poon (“lord”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈpoʔ/ [ˈpoʔ]
- Rhymes: -oʔ
- Syllabification: po
Particle
pô (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓ)
- marks respect toward the person the speaker is addressing
- Synonyms: (familiar) ho, (dialectal, emphatic) puko
- Tuloy po kayo. ― Come on in, Sir/Ma'am.
- Pupunta po ako sa simbahan, Inay. ― I am going to church, Mother.
Usage notes
- The word does not appear at a beginning of a sentence unless used alone.
- In standard Tagalog, the word po is more formal and polite than ho. In other dialects, this is not observed and has no difference.
- Old dictionaries indicate that puko was used by women before while po was used by men.
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “po”, in Pinoy Dictionary, 2010–2025
- Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves[7] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
- Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835) Tomas Oliva, editor, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: primera, y segunda parte.[8] (in Spanish), La imprenta nueva de D. Jose Maria Dayot
- Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 139
- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*pueq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Tapachultec
Etymology
Lehmann considers the possibility of a connection to Zoque words for "white" (poopo).
Noun
po
- moon
Usage notes
- This is the form Lehmann says is given in the Sapper-Ricke wordlists; the form given in Johnston's vocabulary is poot.
References
- Walter Lehmann, Über die Stellung und Verwandtschaft der Subtiaba-Sprache der pazifischen Küste Nicaraguas und über die Sprache von Tapachula in Südchiapas (1915), Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 47, presenting the wordlists of Karl Sapper, Ricke, and Amado Johnston.
Tewa
Noun
póː (high tone)
- moon
Noun
pòː (low tone)
- water
Noun
pǒː (gliding tone)
- trail, road
References
- Marianne Mithun, The Languages of Native North America
- John Peabody Harrington, The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians
- My Life in San Juan Pueblo: Stories of Esther Martinez (uses the spelling pˀoe, and mentions a fourth meaning, "pumpkin, squash")
Tocharian B
Etymology
From Proto-Tocharian [Term?] (whence also Tocharian A puk). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective
po
- entire, whole
Determiner
po
- each, every, all
Inflection
- (masc. nom. pl.): poñc
Derived terms
- olyapo (“more, rather than”) (olya + po)
Umotína
Noun
po
- water
References
- Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural [Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
Volapük
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin post (“behind”).
Preposition
po
- behind
- Antonym: fo
See also
- po-
Waris
Noun
po
- water
References
- Bob Brown, Waris grammar sketch, 1990 (2012), page 29
Western Yugur
Etymology
Relate to Shor по, Khakas пу (pu) Tofa бо, Tuvan бо (bo), Karaim бу , Krymchak бу, Southern Altai бу (bu), Kyrgyz бул (bul), etc.
Pronoun
po
- this
White Hmong
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɒ˧/
Noun
po
- spleen
References
- John Duffy, Writing from These Roots: Literacy in a Hmong-American Community →ISBN, 2007)
Yoruba
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /k͡pò/
Verb
pò
- (transitive) to mix, to stir
- Má pò ó pọ̀ síbẹ̀. ― Don't mix it together yet.
- (transitive) to beat, to whisk
- Bá mi po ẹyin. ― Help me beat the eggs.
- (transitive) to knead
- (transitive) to make warm drinks, baby food, or medicine.
- A gbọ́dọ̀ lo omi gbígbóná nígbà tí a bá fẹ́ po tíì. ― We must use hot water when we want to make tea.
Usage notes
- po when followed by a direct object.
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /k͡pó/
Verb
pó
- to be too small
- awó dára lẹ́yẹ, ṣùgbọ́n orí pó o ― The guinea fowl is a beautiful bird, but it has a very small head