normal

normal

synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples & translations of normal in English

English Online Dictionary. What means normal‎? What does normal mean?

English

Etymology

From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin; doublet of normale. The earliest meaning of the word in English was "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square”), but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive: in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height, weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be called "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈnɔːml̩/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/
  • Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)məl
  • Hyphenation: norm‧al

Adjective

normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

  1. According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern.
    • 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.
    1. (mathematics) Adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context:
      1. (number theory, of a real number) In whose representation in a given base b ≥ 2, for every positive integer n, the bn possible strings of n digits follow a uniform distribution.
      2. (algebra, of a subgroup) With cosets which form a group.
      3. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) Which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K.
      4. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution) Which has a very specific bell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of a normal distribution.
      5. (probability theory, statistics, of a random variable, etc.) Which has a normal distribution; which is associated with a random variable that has a normal distribution.
      6. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) Which is pre-compact.
      7. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.
      8. (linear algebra, of a matrix) Which commutes with its conjugate transpose.
      9. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) Which commutes with its adjoint.
      10. (category theory) Being (as a morphism) or containing (as a category) only normal epimorphism(s) or monomorphism(s), that is, those which are the kernel or cokernel of some morphism, respectively.
      11. (topology, of a topology or topological space) In which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods.
      12. (commutative algebra, of a domain) Integrally closed: equal its own integral closure in its field of fractions.
      13. (commutative algebra, of a ring) Such that all of its localizations at prime ideals are integrally closed domains.
      14. (algebraic geometry, of a variety or scheme) Such that the local ring at every point is an integrally closed domain.
  2. Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself.
    1. (fandom slang, sarcastic, with “about”) Fervently interested in a subject; obsessed.
  3. (education, of a school) Teaching teachers how to teach; teaching teachers the norms of education.
  4. (chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution.
  5. (organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.
  6. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) In which all parts of an object vibrate at the same frequency (a normal mode).
  7. (rail transport, of points) In the default position, set for the most frequently used route.
  9. (geometry) Perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or tangent plane of a surface.

Usage notes

  • When used to describe a group of people, normal can be understood as meaning that those not part of the group are strange or freakish. Its usage can therefore be understood as offensive to those it excludes.

Synonyms

  • (usual): conventional, customary, ordinary, standard, usual, regular, routine, average, expected, natural, typical, everyday, common, commonplace, general
  • (healthy): hale, healthy, well
  • (perpendicular): at right angles to, perpendicular, orthogonal
  • (statistics): Gaussian, standard normal

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “usual”): unconventional, nonstandard, unusual, special
  • (antonym(s) of “healthy”): ill, poorly (British), sick, unwell
  • (antonym(s) of “perpendicular”): tangential
  • (antonym(s) of “rail transport”): reverse

Derived terms

Related terms

  • norm

Translations

Noun

normal (countable and uncountable, plural normals)

  2. (geometry, countable) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.
  3. (medicine, countable) A person who is healthy, normal, as opposed to one who is morbid.
  4. (slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles.
  5. (countable, uncountable) The usual state.

Synonyms

  • (normal person): see Thesaurus:mainstreamer

Translations

References

Anagrams

  • Morlan, Marlon, Larmon, Molnar

Asturian

Adjective

normal (epicene, plural normales)

  1. normal

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French normal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central) [nurˈmal]
  • IPA(key): (Balearic) [norˈmal]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [noɾˈmal]

Adjective

normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normals)

  1. normal
    Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

  • normalitat
  • normalment

Further reading

  • “normal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “normal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
  • “normal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “normal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin nōrmālis. By surface analysis, norme +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /nɔʁ.mal/

Adjective

normal (feminine normale, masculine plural normaux, feminine plural normales)

  1. normal (according to norms, usual)
  2. (relational) normal (relating to a school to teach teachers how to teach)
  3. okay, alright
    Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

Related terms

  • norme

Further reading

  • “normal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /nɔrˈmaːl/, [nɔʁˈmaːl], [nɔɐ̯-], [nɔ-], [no-]
  • Rhymes: -aːl

Adjective

normal (strong nominative masculine singular normaler, comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten)

  1. ordinary, normal
    völlig normal. ― completely normal.

Declension

Derived terms

Adverb

normal

  1. (standard) ordinarily, normally, in a normal fashion
  2. (colloquial) Alternative form of normalerweise: usually, normally, in general

Interjection

normal

  1. (colloquial) sure, of course, obviously; usually implies that something is trivial

Further reading

  • “normal” in Duden online
  • “normal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /norˈmaːl/

Adjective

normal

  1. normal

Declension

Further reading

  • Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch normaal, ultimately derived from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈnɔr.mal/
  • Rhymes: -mal
  • Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal (comparative lebih normal, superlative paling normal or ternormal, equative senormal)

  1. normal
    1. according to norms or rules or to a regular pattern
    2. (usually of mental health) usual, healthy; not sick or ill

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

  • “normal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Adjective

normal (comparative plus normal, superlative le plus normal)

  1. normal
    Antonym: anormal

Irish

Etymology

Borrowing from English normal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈn̪ˠɔɾˠ(ə)mˠəlˠ/

Noun

normal m (genitive singular normail, nominative plural normail)

  1. (geometry, statistics, chemistry) normal

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “normal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • “normal”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2024

Ladin

Adjective

normal m (feminine singular normala, masculine plural normai, feminine plural normales)

  1. normal

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

  1. normal, ordinary
    Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

References

  • “normal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

  1. normal, ordinary
    Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

References

  • “normal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, norma +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

  • (Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): [nɔɦˈmaw]
  • (Rural Central Brazil) IPA(key): [nuɹˈmaw]
  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
  • Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal m or f (plural normais)

  1. normal, standard, regular
  2. (geometry) normal (perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface)

Derived terms

  • normalizar
  • normalmente

Related terms

  • norma
  • anormal

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French normal, from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, normă +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /norˈmal/

Adjective

normal m or n (feminine singular normală, masculine plural normali, feminine and neuter plural normale)

  1. normal

Related terms

  • normalitate

Adverb

normal

  1. normally
  2. of course, obviously
    Synonyms: evident, logic

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /noɾˈmal/ [noɾˈmal]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normales)

  1. normal, standard, regular, fine
    Synonyms: regular, común
    Antonyms: anormal, raro, poco común
  2. (geometry) perpendicular
    Synonym: perpendicular
    Antonyms: oblicuo, paralelo

Derived terms

Related terms

Noun

normal f (plural normales)

  1. (education) a school for becoming a teacher

Further reading

  • “normal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Swedish

Etymology

From Latin nōrmālis, from nōrma + -ālis, equivalent to norm +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

Adjective

normal (comparative normalare, superlative normalast)

  1. normal
    Antonyms: abnorm, onaturlig, onormal, sjuklig

Declension

Related terms

  • normalisera

Noun

normal c

  1. (geometry) a normal (a line which is perpendicular to another line or to a surface)
    Antonym: tangent

Declension

References

  • normal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tagalog

Etymology

Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Ultimate stress borrowed from Spanish normal.
  • Penultimate stress borrowed from English normal.

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Tagalog)
    • IPA(key): /noɾˈmal/ [n̪oɾˈmal] (Spanish influence)
      • Rhymes: -al
    • IPA(key): /ˈnoɾmal/ [ˈn̪oɾ.mɐl] (English influence)
      • Rhymes: -oɾmal
  • Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective

normál or normal (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)

  1. normal
    Synonyms: karaniwan, regular

Related terms

Further reading

  • “normal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

Etymology

From French normal, from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /noɾˈmɑl/

Adjective

normal

  1. normal
  2. regular
  3. usual

Declension

Noun

normal (definite accusative normali, uncountable)

  1. normal (usual state)
  2. standard

Declension

Derived terms

  • normalleştirmek
  • normalleşmek

Welsh

Noun

normal m (plural normalau, not mutable)

  1. (geometry) normal

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “normal”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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This article based on an article on Wiktionary. The list of authors can be seen in the page history there. The original work has been modified. This article is distributed under the terms of this license.