mr

English Online Dictionary. What means mr‎? What does mr mean?

Translingual

Symbol

mr

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Marathi.

English

Pronunciation

Noun

mr (plural mr)

1. Abbreviation of millirem.

Anagrams

• rm., rm, RM, R&M

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: mer

Etymology 1

Perhaps from Proto-Afroasiatic. Possible Berber cognates include the forms represented by Kabyle u-mr-an (“sorrows”), a-mur (“colic, stomachache”), and a-mrir (“embarrassment, great difficulty”). Possible Cushitic cognates include Oromo marar (“to be sick”), Baiso marni (“to be sad”), and Sidamo marar-s (“to be sick”). A proposed Omotic cognate is Yemsa mer-o (“illness”). Also compare the root Arabic م ر ض (m-r-ḍ, “related to ailment”).

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive, of people and body parts) to be(come) physically ill or in pain, to be(come) sick or diseased, to ail, to ache (+ m or m-dj: with (an ailment) or in (a body part)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (intransitive, of the heart/mind) to feel pity or compassion (+ n: for (someone), to hurt for, to be sorry for)
3. (intransitive) to be(come) physically painful, to sting, to cause physical pain (+ n or r: to)

   ― ḫꜣt mrt ― a painful disease

4. (intransitive, of events, words, emotions, etc.) to be(come) mentally painful, sad, distressing, unpleasant, to cause mental pain (+ r or m bꜣḥ or ḥr jb or ḥr jb n: to)
5. (intransitive, of striking power, rage, etc.) to be(come) fierce, capable of inflicting pain

   ― mr nsrt ― having painful fire (literally, “painful of fire”)

Inflection

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

• Demotic: mr
  • >? Old Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour), possibly, as proposed by Osing based on a reading in papyrus BM 10808. However, this occurrence of ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour) has alternatively been read as common Sahidic Coptic ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour, “to bind”).

Noun

 m

1. ailment, illness, disease [since the Medical papyri]

   ― jrj mr ― to treat an ailment

2. physical pain
3. mental distress, misery, sorrow

   ― n mr n ― out of distress over

   ― jrj mr ― to mourn (literally, “to do sorrow”)

Inflection

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Noun

 m

1. (rare) sick man [Middle Kingdom literature]

Inflection

Alternative forms

Etymology 2

Possibly from a Proto-Afroasiatic *m-r (“river, channel”). Compare South Omotic *mir- (“river”), with reflexes including Aari mɨri (“river, stream”) and Dime mɪ́rɛ (“river”). A possible Semitic cognate is Sabaean 𐩣𐩧 (mr, “part of an irrigation system”). Possible Cushitic cognates include Borana Oromo mērī (“watering trough”), Tsamai mīre (“pond”), and possible Chadic cognates include Fali mirə̂ (“river”), Muskum mìrà (“oxbow lake, marigot”).

Noun

 m

1. canal, ditch, waterway [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. pond or pool, especially an artificial one [since the Pyramid Texts]
3. (rare, by confusion with mw) water [New Kingdom]

Usage notes

Inflection

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

• Demotic: mꜣ, m
  • ⇒? Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲣⲓ (amēiri)
  • ⇒? Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲏⲣⲉ (emēre)

Noun

 m

1. metal libation basin

Inflection

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Highly disputed etymology. Hypotheses include:

• From Proto-Afroasiatic, cognate with Arabic أَمَرَة (ʔamara, “heap of stones, mound, esp. as a way-marker”), Akkadian 𒀯 (amartu, “dividing wall”), 𒋞 (amaru, “pile of bricks”), Hebrew אָמִיר (ʾāmīr, “treetop, mountain summit”).
• Metathesized from earlier *rm, from Proto-Afroasiatic *rim- (“to be raised, high, long”), cognate with Proto-Semitic *rayam- (“to be high”); compare Arabic رَيْم (raym, “abundance, hill, tumulus, step”)
• From a possible Proto-Afroasiatic *m-r (“heap of stones”), cognate with Tashelhit i-miri (“heap of stones, wall of dry stone”), a-mra (“stone buttress of a terraced field”), Central Atlas Tamazight i-mr-an (“large half-buried stones that mark off property boundaries”), Mofu-Gudur mémeré (“low stone terrace wall”).
• Related to a Semitic root *m-w-r, as in Qatabanian 𐩣𐩥𐩧𐩩𐩬 (mwrtn, “tower”), Arabic مَارَ (māra, “to come to a high place or plateau”).

Noun

 m

1. pyramid (monumental building) [from the Pyramid Texts through the Saite Period]
   • c. 1550 B.C.E., Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, problem 59:

2. (rare) heap of corpses [20th Dynasty]
   • c. 1180 B.C.E., Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu, Inscription of the Year 5, lines 35-36:

Inflection

Alternative forms

Descendants

• Demotic: mr

Etymology 4

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to bind, to tie (+ m: to or with) [since the Medical papyri]
2. (transitive) to tie together, to tie (pieces of wood, flax, etc.) up [since the Second Intermediate Period]
3. (transitive) to fetter or bind (a captive or a captive’s limbs), to tie (a person) up [since the New Kingdom]
4. (reflexive, with n) to join (someone), to attach oneself to (someone) [Pyramid Texts]
5. (intransitive, of the mouth) to be suffering from an ailment of some kind such that the mouth is (figuratively) ‘bound’ [Medical papyri]

Inflection

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

• Demotic: mr, mre, mrwy, ml, mlꜣ
  • Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour)

Etymology 5

Perhaps from Proto-Afroasiatic. Cognate with Proto-Semitic *mir(Vʔ)- (“bull”): compare Akkadian 𒈪𒅕𒋾 (mīrtu, “young cow”), 𒄞𒀖 (mīru, “young bull”), Hebrew מְרִיא (mərīʾ, “fatted steer”). Possible Cushitic cognates include Hadiyya mōr-â (“bull”), Mbugu ki-mole, ki-more (“ox, bull”), possible Omotic cognates include Wolaytta mārā (“young bull”), Yemsa omoru (“bull”), and possible Chadic cognates include Mafa maray (“sacrificial bull”), Mofu-Gudur maray (“fattened bull”), Mafa mari (“bull”).

Noun

 m

1. fighting bull [Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Proper noun

 m

1. (rare) ellipsis of mr-wr (“Mnevis”) [Greco-Roman Period]

References

• “mr (lemma ID 71790)”, “mr (lemma ID 71810)”, “mr (lemma ID 71800)”, “mr (lemma ID 71840)”, “mr (lemma ID 880166)”, “mr (lemma ID 71780)”, “mr (lemma ID 71880)”, “mr (lemma ID 71940)”, and “Mr (lemma ID 71930)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 94.14–95.15, 95.18, 96.1–96.5, 97.3–97.12, 105.1–105.8, 105.19, 106.7–106.8
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 110–112
• Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 361–372, 392–395, →ISBN
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 213.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 146
• Lee, Sunwoo (2022) Exploring Pain in Ancient Egypt (PhD thesis), Chicago: University of Chicago, pages 58–64