list

list

synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples & translations of list in English

English Online Dictionary. What means list‎? What does list mean?

English

Pronunciation

  • enPR: lĭst, IPA(key): /lɪst/
  • Rhymes: -ɪst
  • Homophone: Liszt

Etymology 1

From Middle English lī̆st, lī̆ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista, all from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ (“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”).

Noun

list (plural lists)

  1. A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
  3. Material used for cloth selvage.
  5. A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself. [from 1600]
  7. (in the plural, historical) The barriers or palisades used to fence off a space for jousting or tilting tournaments.
  8. (in the plural, military, historical) The scene of a military contest; the ground or field of combat; an enclosed space that serves as a battlefield; the site of a pitched battle.
  9. (computing, programming) A codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the Lisp programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.
  10. (architecture) A little square moulding; a fillet or listel.
  11. (carpentry) A narrow strip of wood, especially sapwood, cut from the edge of a board or plank.
  12. (ropemaking) A piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker.
  13. (tin-plate manufacture) The first thin coating of tin; a wire-like rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated.
  14. (obsolete) A stripe.
  15. (obsolete) A boundary or limit; a border.
Synonyms
  • (enumeration or compilation of items): see Thesaurus:list
Hyponyms
  • (enumeration or compilation of items): see Thesaurus:list
Derived terms
Collocations
Translations

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive) To create or recite a list.
  2. (transitive) To place in listings.
  3. (transitive) To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colours, or to form a border.
  4. (transitive) To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list.
  5. (transitive, agriculture) To plough and plant with a lister.
  6. (transitive, agriculture, chiefly Southern US) To prepare (land) for a cotton crop by making alternating beds and alleys with a hoe.
  7. (transitive, carpentry) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of.
  8. (transitive, military) To enclose (a field, etc.) for combat.
  9. (transitive, obsolete) To engage a soldier, etc.; to enlist.
  10. (intransitive, obsolete) To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.
  11. To give a building of architectural or historical interest listed status; see also the adjective listed.
  12. (intransitive, of a business) To trade on a particular stock exchange.
Synonyms
  • (create or recite a list): tabulate; see also Thesaurus:tick off
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English list, liste (“ability, cleverness, cunning, skill; adroitness, dexterity; strategem, trick; device, design, token”), from Old English list (“art, craft; cleverness, cunning, experience, skill”), from Proto-West Germanic *listi, from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“art, craft”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs- (“furrow, trace, track, trail”).

The word is cognate with Dutch list (“artifice, guile, sleight; ruse, strategem”), German List (“cunning, guile; ploy, ruse, trick”), Low German list (“artifice, cunning; prudence, wisdom”), Icelandic list (“art”), Saterland Frisian list (“cunning, knowledge”), Scots list (“art, craft, skill; cunning”), Swedish list (“art; cunning, guile, wile; ruse, trick; stealth”), and possibly Spanish listo (“clever”). It is also related to learn, lore.

Noun

list (uncountable)

  1. (archaic) Art; craft; cunning; skill.
Synonyms
  • See Thesaurus:cunning

Etymology 3

From Middle English listen, from Old English hlystan (“to listen”), from hlyst (“hearing”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlusti, from Proto-Germanic *hlustiz (“hearing”).

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle list)

  1. (intransitive, poetic) To listen.
  2. (transitive, poetic) To listen to.
Translations

Etymology 4

From Middle English listen, list, liste, leste, lesten (“to choose, desire, wish (to do something)”), from Old English lystan, from Proto-West Germanic *lustijan, from Proto-Germanic *lustijaną, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz (“pleasure”).

The word is cognate with Saterland Frisian läste (“to wish for, desire, crave”), West Frisian lêste (“to like, desire”), Dutch lusten (“to appreciate, like; to lust”), German lüsten, gelüsten (“to desire, want, crave”), Danish lyste (“to desire, feel like, want”), Faroese lysta (“to desire”).

The noun sense is from the verb, or from Middle English list, liste, lest, leste (“desire, wish; craving, longing; enjoyment, joy, pleasure”), which is derived from Middle English listen, list (verb).

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To desire, like, or wish (to do something).
  2. (transitive, archaic) To be pleasing to.
Translations

Noun

list

  1. (obsolete) Desire, inclination.
Derived terms
  • listful
  • listless

Etymology 5

Uncertain; possibly from tilting on lists in jousts, or from Etymology 4 in the sense of inclining towards what one desires.

Noun

list (plural lists)

  1. (architecture) A tilt to a building.
  2. (nautical) A careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power. [from early 17th c.]
Translations

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive, nautical) To cause (something) to tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.]
  2. (intransitive, nautical) To tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.]
Translations

References

Further reading

  • list (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • “list”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
  • “list”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
  • “list”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

  • &lits, lits, silt, slit, tils

Chinese

Etymology

From English list.

Pronunciation

  • Also pronounced as IPA(key): /lɪs⁵⁵/

Noun

list

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) list; enumeration or compilation of items; the paper or document of which the list is written or printed on (Classifier: 個／个 c; 張／张 c; 條／条 c)

Verb

list

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to list; to create a list of items

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech list, from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈlɪst]

Noun

list m inan

  1. leaf (green and flat organ of vegetative plants)
  2. (archaic) letter (written message)
    Synonyms: dopis, psaní
  3. sheet (sheet of paper)
  4. newspaper
    Polský list Dziennik Gazeta Prawna nejdříve napsal, že polská hlava státu podepíše dokument ve středu. (iDNES)
  5. certificate (document containing a certified statement)
    rodný list ― birth certificate
    úmrtní list ― death certificate

Declension

Derived terms

See also

  • doklad
  • dokument

Further reading

  • “list”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “list”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “list”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“craft, art, guide”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlesd/, [ˈle̝st]

Noun

list c (singular definite listen, not used in plural form)

  1. cunning, trick

Verb

list

  1. imperative of liste

References

  • “list” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-West Germanic *listi, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lɪst/
  • Hyphenation: list
  • Rhymes: -ɪst

Noun

list f (plural listen, diminutive listje n)

  1. a cunning plan, a ruse, a trick

Derived terms

  • listig

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: lis
  • Negerhollands: list

Anagrams

  • silt, stil

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lɪst/
  • Rhymes: -ɪst
  • Homophone: lyst

Noun

list f (genitive singular listar, plural listir)

  1. art

Declension

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lɪst/
  • Rhymes: -ɪst
  • Homophone: lyst

Noun

list f (genitive singular listar, nominative plural listir)

  1. art
  2. skill

Declension

Derived terms

Anagrams

  • slit

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /list/, [lʲist]

Noun

list m inan (diminutive listk)

  1. leaf, foliage
  2. letter (a written message)

Declension

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse list.

Noun

list m or f (definite singular lista or listen)

  1. cunning, craftiness, slyness
  2. skirting board

Etymology 2

Verb

list

  1. imperative of liste

References

  • “list” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse list.

Noun

list f (definite singular lista)

  1. cunning, craftiness, slyness

References

  • “list” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lȋstъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈlist/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈlist/

Noun

list m inan

  1. leaf (part of a plant)
  2. sheet; page (flat, thin piece of parchment n. other material intended for writing)
  3. (biblical) phylactery (box with scrolls of Old Testament quotations, attached by Jews to the forehead n. to the forearm during prayer)
  4. letter (written or printed communication)
  5. (administration) letter; deed (administrative document authorizing something n. testifying to something)
  6. (anatomy) uvula
  7. letter (character of writing)
  8. sheet, place; slice (long piece of i.e. metal)
  9. (singular only) plates (protective clothing of the upper part of the torso)

Declension

Descendants

  • Czech: list

References

  • Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “list”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *listi. Cognate with Old Saxon list, Dutch list, Old High German list (German List), Old Norse list (Swedish list).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /list/

Noun

list m or f

  1. art; cunning, guile, craft

Declension

Strong i-stem:

Strong ō-stem:

Descendants

  • Middle English: liste
    • Scots: list
    • English: list

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lȋstъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /lʲist/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /lʲist/

Noun

list m inan (related adjective listowy)

  1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) leaf (part of a plant)
  2. (attested in Lesser Poland, Silesia) letter (written correspondance)
  3. (law, attested in Greater Poland) legal document (something that establishes or confirms something)
  4. sheet (piece of paper)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Polish: list
  • Silesian: list

References

  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “list”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “list”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  • Mańczak, Witold (2017) “list”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “list”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “list”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
  • Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “list”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Old Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lȋstъ. First attested in 1407.

Noun

list m inan

  1. leaf (part of a plant)
  2. scale; petal
  3. sheet (rectangular piece of paper intended for writing)
  4. letter (written message addressed to a person, office, institution)
  5. (administration, law) official document
  6. sheet (material on which things are fixed)
  7. thin plate or sheet (piece of i.e. metal)

Descendants

  • Pannonian Rusyn: лїст (ljist)
  • Slovak: list

References

  • Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “list”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /list/

Noun

list f

  1. skill, proficiency
  2. art, craft
  3. cunning, slyness
  4. resort

Declension

Descendants

  • Swedish: list

Polish

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -ist
  • Syllabification: list
  • Homophone: Liszt

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish list. Sense 3 was displaced by liść.

Noun

list m inan (diminutive liścik, related adjective listowy)

  1. letter (written or printed communication)
  2. letter (paper on which such a communication is written)
  4. (obsolete) leaf (part of a plant)
  5. (obsolete) petal; slice; plaque; layer (long, flat piece of something)
    1. (Middle Polish) sheet (long, flat piece of paper)
  6. (obsolete, in the plural) leaves (pages of a book)
  7. (obsolete) paper tracking financial interest
Declension
Derived terms

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), list is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 10 times in scientific texts, 18 times in news, 18 times in essays, 31 times in fiction, and 32 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 109 times, making it the 567th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

list f

  1. genitive plural of lista

References

Further reading

  • list in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • list in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “list”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “LIST”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 20.02.2014
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “list”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “list”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “list”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 749

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic листъ (listŭ).

Noun

list n (plural listuri)

  1. (obsolete) leaf, page

Declension

References

  • list in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lîːst/

Noun

lȋst m (Cyrillic spelling ли̑ст, diminutive lìstić)

  1. leaf
    Synonym: lȉska
  2. (computing) leaf
  3. sheet (of paper or other material manufactured in thin sheets)
  4. a special purpose certificate (any official document attesting a fact, e.g. of birth, ownership etc.)
  5. newsletter, newspaper
  6. (obsolete) letter (written message)
  7. calf (leg part)
  8. sole, flatfish (fish species)
  9. (card games) leaves

Declension

Related terms

  • lišće

See also

References

  • “list”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish list.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlist/
  • Rhymes: -ist
  • Syllabification: list

Noun

list m inan (diminutive listek)

  1. letter (written or printed communication)
    Synonyms: brif, pismo
  2. document
    Synonyms: akt, dokumynt, papiōr, świadectwo, zaświadczynie

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

  • list in silling.org

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak list, from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlist/

Noun

list m inan (genitive singular listu, lista, nominative plural listy, genitive plural listov, declension pattern of dub)

  1. letter; a written message
  2. leaf; a part of a tree
  3. sheet; a piece of paper

Declension

Derived terms

  • listový
  • lístok
  • lístkový
  • lístoček
  • listisko

Further reading

  • “list”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /líːst/

Noun

lȋst m inan

  1. piece of paper
  2. leaf
  3. sole
  4. (anatomy) calf (leg part)

Inflection

Related terms

  • lístje

Further reading

  • “list”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “list”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Swedish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish list, from Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz, from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs-. Cognate with Icelandic list.

Noun

list c

  1. smartness, trick, cunning
Declension
Related terms
  • listig

See also

  • lust

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish lista, probably from Middle Low German lîste, from Old Saxon *līsta, from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ. Cognate with Danish liste, Icelandic lista.

Noun

list c

  1. a long, thin strip (of wood (or metal or the like), to conceal a joint (or for isolation or decoration), like for example a thin and long board), a border, a beading, edging
  2. (graphical user interface) a bar
Declension
Derived terms
  • golvlist (“baseboard, skirting board”)
  • kromlist
  • statuslist

See also

  • lista

References

  • list in Svensk ordbok (SO)
  • list in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
  • list in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

  • lits, silt, slit, stil

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lȋstъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlist/
  • Rhymes: -ist
  • Hyphenation: lis
  • Syllabification: list

Noun

list m inan

  1. letter (writing that addresses someone)
  2. certificate, ticket, bill, note

Declension

References

  • “list” in Soblex

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