jo

English Online Dictionary. What means jo‎? What does jo mean?

English

Pronunciation

• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒoː/
• Rhymes: -oː

Etymology 1

From Scots jo (“joy”), from Middle English joye, from Old French joie, from Late Latin gaudia, neuter plural (mistaken as feminine singular) of Latin gaudium (“joy”), from gaudēre (“to be glad, rejoice”). Doublet of joy and gaudy (“Oxford college reunion”).

Noun

jo (plural jos)

1. (Scotland) Darling, sweetheart.
   • 1711, traditional, published by James Watson, Old Long Syne:

     On Old long syne my Jo,
     on Old long syne,
     That thou canst never once reflect,
     on Old long syne.

   • My Jo Janet (traditional Scottish song)

     Keek into the draw-well, Janet, Janet;
     There ye'll see your bonnie sel',
     My jo, Janet.

Alternative forms

• joe

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 杖.

Noun

jo (plural jo)

1. The staff used in the Japanese martial art of jodo or jojutsu.

Anagrams

• OJ

Albanian

Etymology

Likely a babble word, compare Turkish yok (“no”), and its derivates in other Balkanic languages such as Romanian ioc, Macedonian јок (jok). Comparison with German ja (“yes”) is semantically hard to explain.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɔ/

Determiner

jo

1. negates non-verbal phrases: no, not

Synonyms

• nauk (Tetova)
• nouk (Gostivar)

See also

• mos
• nuk
• s'

References

Basque

Etymology

Unknown.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Navarro-Lapurdian) /ɟo/ [ɟo]

• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: jo

Verb

jo du (imperfect participle jotzen, future participle joko, short form jo, verbal noun jotze)

1. to hit, strike, punch
2. (music) to play

   Gitarra jo nahi dut. ― I want to play the guitar.

3. to knock, rap

   Gizon itsusi batek etxeko atea jo du. ― An ugly man knocked on the door.

4. to crash
5. to head, go
6. to blow (the wind)

   Synonym: ibili

Further reading

• “jo”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “jo”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Bavarian

Etymology

Cognate with Icelandic jú, Swedish jo. Equivalent to standard High German doch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joː/

Particle

jo

1. yes (in response to a negative question).

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan jo~io~yo, from Vulgar Latin eō (attested from the sixth century), from Latin ego, from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂; akin to Greek εγώ (egó), Sanskrit अहम् (aham), all from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Occitan jo, Spanish yo, French je, Italian io.

Pronunciation

• (Central) IPA^(key): /ˈʒɔ/, /ˈjɔ/
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /ˈjo/, /ˈjɔ/
• Rhymes: -o, -ɔ

Pronoun

jo (strong)

1. I
2. (after certain prepositions) me

Declension

Synonyms

• mi (after most prepositions)

Noun

jo m (uncountable)

1. ego (the self)

   Synonym: ego

References

• “jo” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “jo”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “jo” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “jo” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Etymology

Compare Polish jo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈjo]

Particle

jo

1. (colloquial) yeah, yep

   Synonym: ano

   Antonym: ne

Further reading

• “jo”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “jo”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• io

Etymology

From Latin ubi. Compare Romanian iuo, Italian ove, French où, Old Spanish o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jo/

Adverb

jo

1. where

Danish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German jo. Used like Swedish ju, German ja (adverb) / je (conjunction).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo] (unstressed in context)

Adverb

jo

1. as you know or should know; sometimes vaguely translatable as after all or obviously

Conjunction

jo

1. the

   Jo mere jeg løber, desto trættere bliver jeg.

   The more I run, the more tired I become.

Usage notes

jo ... desto ..., jo ... des ... are common constructions.

Etymology 2

From Old Norse jaur, cf. Swedish jo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈjɔʊ̯ˀ]

Interjection

jo

1. yes (used to contradict a negative statement or negatively phrased question) (often followed by I do, he is, etc. in English to indicate contradiction rather than affirmation); identical in usage to the French si. Contrasts with ja which confirms positive statements or positively phrased questions.

Usage notes

Negatively phrased questions like Kommer du ikke?, Du kommer ikke, vel?, Du kommer ikke? ("Are you not coming?", "You are not coming, are you?", "You are not coming?") must be answered with jo to indicate that the speaker is, in fact, coming; they cannot be answered with ja ("yes").

References

• “jo” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From English yo.

Interjection

jo

1. hi

   Ey! - Jo! - Hey! - Hi!

2. bye

   Later! - Jo! - Later! - Bye!

3. you too

   Fijn weekend! - Jo! - Have a nice weekend! - You too!

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jo/
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: jo

Noun

jo (accusative singular jo-on, plural jo-oj, accusative plural jo-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jo (compare Estonian ju, Ingrian jo, Karelian jo, Livonian jo, Veps jo, Votic jo), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ju (compare Gothic 𐌾𐌿 (ju, “already”), Old High German ju (“already”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjo/, [ˈjo̞]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation^(key): jo

Adverb

jo

1. already (prior to some time; so soon)

2. now, already (emphasizer)

Derived terms

References

Further reading

• “jo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Friulian

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronoun

jo

1. I

See also

German

Alternative forms

• joa, jö

Etymology 1

Alteration of ja (“yes”) or the respective dialectal cognates. Compare English yo, Swedish jo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɔː/

Interjection

jo

1. (colloquial, dialectal) yes, yeah, well; expresses agreement in a hesitant or ponderous manner.

Etymology 2

From the respective dialectal words for yes in about half of Northern and Central Germany and all of Western Germany (compare Low German ja, jo). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes, thus, so”), possibly from an unrecorded root. The form with /oː/ must have existed in the Middle Ages already, since the word often partakes in the same sound shifts as words with /oː/ from other sources, cf. Swedish jo, Middle English yo (> English yo).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joː/

Interjection

jo

1. (colloquial) yes; expresses firm agreement.

Derived terms

• johlen

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jo. Cognates include Finnish jo and Estonian ju.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈjo/, [ˈjo̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈjo/, [ˈjo̞]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: jo

Adverb

jo

1. already
2. Emphasises the sentence.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 105

Italian

Pronoun

jo

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of io

Japanese

Romanization

jo

1. The hiragana syllable じょ (jo) or the katakana syllable ジョ (jo) in Hepburn romanization.
2. The hiragana syllable ぢょ (jo) or the katakana syllable ヂョ (jo) in Hepburn romanization.

Karelian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jo. Cognates include Finnish jo and Veps jo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjo/
• Hyphenation: jo

Adverb

jo

1. already

Interjection

jo

1. (North Karelian) yes

Synonyms

• (yes): (North Karelian) kyllä, (South Karelian) da

References

• A. V. Punzhina (1994) “jo”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “jo”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎^[3], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN
• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from German jo. Compare Slovincian jo (“yes”), Silesian ja (“yes”), regional Polish ja (“yes”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɔ/
• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: jo

Particle

jo

1. yes

   Synonym: tak

   Jo, mògã to zrobic. ― Yes, I can do it.

   Jo, jô jem tam béł. ― Yes, I have been there.

Further reading

• “jo”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “tak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[4]

Konabéré

Pronunciation

• (Kouka) IPA^(key): /ɟō/
• (Tansilla Toma) IPA^(key): /ɟû/

Noun

jo

1. water

Alternative forms

• zo

Further reading

• Beatrice Tiendrébéogo, Rapport Sociolinguistique sur la Langue Bobo Madaré (SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2007-005: 55), page 44
• Chiara Alfieri, Bernard Taverne, Ethnophysiologie, règles et précautions chez les Bobo Madare et les Mossi

Latvian

Pronunciation

Conjunction

jo

1. because
2. for

Particle

jo

1. the... the...

   jo vairāk naudas, jo labāk ― the more money the better

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo]

Etymology 1

Determiner

jo

1. his (3rd person singular masculine possessive)

Pronoun

jo m

1. third-person singular genitive of jis
2. Alternative form of juo

Etymology 2

From Middle High German ja, possibly via Yiddish יאָ (yo). Compare Latvian jā.

Particle

jo

1. (colloquial) yeah

   Synonym: (standard term) taip

Usage notes

• Formerly considered obsolete, but seems to have been revived, possibly by influence of English yeah.
• Usage discouraged by the VLKK.

References

• “jo”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025

Livonian

Alternative forms

• juo

Etymology 1

Perhaps borrowed from Latvian jo (“because, yet (more)”), /juo/.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jo/

Preposition

jo

1. more; used with adjectives to form comparatives
   • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

     pitkā, jo pitkā

     long, longer

Etymology 2

Perhaps borrowed from Latvian jau (“yet, already, after all”). However, compare also Finnish jo (“already”), thus ultimately a common Finnic borrowing from Proto-Germanic *ju that has likely been contaminated by the more figurative senses of Latvian jau, with the latter ultimately a distant cognate of the initial Germanic borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jo/

Preposition

jo

1. yet, already, after all
   • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

     mōnigļikizt, ne jo lǟbõd mōzõ

     bumblebees, they are already migrating to their burrows (lit. "going inside of earth")

     amād jo ītist äb peļļõt

     not everyone makes the same [amount of money] (lit. "everyone after all doesn't earn the same")

Usage notes

• LĒL only lists jo without listing any instances of juo. Livonian-Latvian-Livonian dictionary, in turn, only lists juo for the comparative forming preposition sense.
• LĒL doesn't explicitly list the second sense that seems to exactly mirror Latvian jau (including the more figurative applications.) Such a function, however, is inferred from the many usage examples available in the dictionary. As a translation of Latvian jau (strictly in its temporal sense) LĒL lists jõbā (“already”), cf. Estonian juba.

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jɔ]

Particle

jo

1. yes (word used to show agreement or acceptance)

Verb

jo

1. third-person singular present of byś

Pronoun

jo

1. accusative of wóno

Alternative forms

• njo (after preposition)

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “jo”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “jo”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jo/, [joː]
• Rhymes: -oː
• Homophone: Jo

Adverb

jo

1. yes

See also

• dach

Verb

jo

1. second-person singular imperative of joen

Murui Huitoto

Etymology

Cognates include Minica Huitoto jo and Nüpode Huitoto jo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɔ]
• Hyphenation: jo

Root

jo

1. house

Derived terms

References

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[5], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 127

North Frisian

Etymology

Compare West Frisian hja.

Pronoun

jo (Föhr-Amrum)

1. third-person plural personal pronoun
   1. they (subject case)
   2. them, themselves (object case)

Alternative forms

• 's (reduced form)
• ja, jam (Mooring, Sylt)
• djo (Heligoland), jä (Halligen, Wiedingharde, Hoorning)

See also

Northern Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈjo/

Adverb

jo

1. already
2. now

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[6], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse jaur.

Adverb

jo

1. yes; in disagreement with the last speaker's negative statement.

2. yes or no; expressing doubt. (colloquial)

Usage notes

Ja can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In example 1, agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

Related terms

• jojo
• joda

Etymology 2

From Old Norse gjóðr.

Noun

jo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joer, definite plural joene)

1. a skua, seabird of family Stercorariidae.

Derived terms

• storjo

References

• “jo” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “jo_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “jo_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse jór, from Proto-Germanic *ehwaz.

Noun

jo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joar, definite plural joane)

1. a horse (only used in given names)

Related terms

Male given names:

Female given names:

Etymology 2

From Old Norse gjóðr.

Alternative forms

• gjod (alternative spelling)

Noun

jo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joar, definite plural joane)

1. a skua, seabird of family Stercorariidae.

Derived terms

• storjo

Etymology 3

From Norwegian Bokmål jo, from Danish jo.

Adverb

jo

1. Alternative form of jau

Etymology 4

Compare Swedish ju.

Adverb

jo

1. Used to indicate an expectation of common understanding, or that what is said is an obvious fact – “as you well know,” “of course.”

   Synonym: no

References

• “jo” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒu/, /ju/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronoun

jo (Gascony)

1. I

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin iugum.

Noun

jo m

1. yoke

Old French

Pronoun

jo

1. (Old Northern French) Alternative form of je

Old Frisian

Pronoun

jō

1. Alternative form of jū, accusative/dative of jī

Inflection

Plautdietsch

Adverb

jo

1. yes

Polabian

Alternative forms

• joz

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ.

Pronoun

jo

1. first-person pronoun; I

References

• Polański, Kazimierz (1971) “jo”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 2 (ďüzd – ľotü), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 225
• Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “jo”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 75
• Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “Je”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 374

Polish

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: jo

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ.

Pronoun

jo

1. (dialectal) Alternative form of ja (“I”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German jo.

Particle

jo

1. (colloquial or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń) yeah, yep

   Synonyms: tak, ano, no, hej

   Antonym: nie

Alternative forms

• ja (Żywiec)

Further reading

• jo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Antoni Krasnowolski (1879) “jo”, in Album uczącéj się młodzieży polskiéj poświęcone Józefowi Ignacemu Kraszewskiemu z powodu jubileuszu jego pięćdziesięcioletniéj działalności literackiéj (in Polish), Lviv: Czytelni Akademickiéj Lwowskiéj; "Gaz. Narod." J. Dobrzańskiego i K. Gromana, Słowniczek prowincjalizmów zebranych w ziemi chełmińskiej i świeckiej, page 303

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian hiā. Cognates include West Frisian hja and North Frisian jo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joː/
• Hyphenation: jo
• Rhymes: -oː

Pronoun

jo (oblique hier)

1. they

See also

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015) “jo”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Slovincian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɔ/
• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: jo

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ.

Pronoun

jo

1. I (first-person pronoun)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German ja (“yes; yes!”). Compare Kashubian jo (“yes”), Silesian ja (“yes”), regional Polish ja (“yes”).

Particle

jo

1. yes

References

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “jǻu̯”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[7] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 389
• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “jǻu̯!”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[8] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 389

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxo/ [ˈxo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: jo

Etymology 1

Interjection

¡jo!

1. stop, whoa (especially when commanding a horse or imitative thereof)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Euphemistic clipping of joder (“fuck”).

Interjection

¡jo!

1. (euphemistic) Used to express surprise, amazement, or confusion

   ¡Jo! ― I never heard anything like that before. / Are you serious? / Boy!

Further reading

• “jo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Swahili

Etymology

Possibly from English yo.

Pronunciation

Interjection

jo

1. (Sheng) added for emphasis to the end of a sentence

   Manze jo! ― Oh man!

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish iū, from Old Norse jaur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /juː/

Interjection

jo

1. yes; used as a disagreement to a negative statement or a negatively phrased question (has no English equivalent, but is similar to French si)

2. yes (more generally, in a similar vein to jodå – see its usage notes)
   1. yeah

3. (with an excited, rising tone) Expresses having an insight; oh

4. A filler, at the start of an utterance (to get someone's attention); listen, so, hey, etc. (compare "yeah")

Usage notes

Ja (“yes”) can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In the example above agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker. In Swedish dialects spoken in northern Sweden and Finland, it is however not uncommon for the word jo to be used in place of ja in all cases, at least in spoken language.

Related terms

• inandnings-jo
• jodå
• jojo
• jovars

References

• jo in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• jo in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• jo in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• oj

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jo.

Adverb

jo

1. already

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “уж, уже”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[9], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jo.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈjo/, [ˈʝo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: jo

Adverb

jo

1. already
2. (with negative) any more

Particle

jo

1. An emphatic intensifying particle.

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “jo”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

West Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joː/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /jə/

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian jū, from Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.

Pronoun

jo

1. you (second person singular nominative formal pronoun)

Usage notes

Though it is a singular pronoun, jo takes the plural conjugation of verbs.

Inflection

Further reading

• “jo”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Determiner

jo

1. your (second-person singular formal possessive determiner)

Further reading

• “jo”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hʷo]

Postposition

jo

1. (with following directional suffix -nno) indicates a point of origin

Usage notes

This postposition also infrequently occurs without -nno, in which case it is not clear whether it inflects at all and its meaning is difficult to determine.

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[10], Lyon, pages 277–278

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *jó, compare with Igala jó

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒó/

Verb

jó

1. (intransitive) to dance

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Possibly from Proto-Yoruboid *jó, cognate with Igala jó

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒó/

Verb

jó

1. (ergative) to burn
2. (transitive) to sting; to irritate

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒò/

Verb

jò

1. to drip

Derived terms