de

English Online Dictionary. What means de‎? What does de mean?

Translingual

Etymology 1

Clipping of German Deutsch.

Symbol

de

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for German.

   Coordinate term: deu

Etymology 2

From French de.

Symbol

de

1. (radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Russian дэ (dɛ).

Noun

de (plural des)

1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• dee (Northumberland)

Verb

de (third-person singular simple present diz, present participle dein, simple past did, past participle dyun)

1. (Northumbria) Alternative form of dee (“to do”).

References

• Frank Graham, editor (1987), “DE”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
• Scott Dobson, Dick Irwin “de”, in Newcastle 1970s: Durham & Tyneside Dialect Group‎^[4], archived from the original on 2024-09-05.
• Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
• Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “de”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.

Etymology 3

Article

de

1. (African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.

Etymology 4

Interjection

de

1. A meaningless unstressed syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.

Etymology 5

Borrowed from French de (“of”).

Preposition

de

1. (historical) Used in the titles of French nobility; of.

References

• “de, prep.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Anagrams

• ed, Ed, E.D., Ed., ED, ed-, -èd, -ed, ed., @ed

Albanian

Etymology

Compare Romanian di, employed with horses or oxen for the same purpose.

Interjection

de

1. Denotes intensity, often after imperatives or some adverbs.

   Fol de! ― Speak!

   Ashtu de! ― This manner! (expressing happiness or satisfaction for the work done)

   Hë të lumtë goja, de! ― May thy mouth be blessed!

2. Spurs a horse to move: giddyup

Further reading

• “de”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• “de”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[7] (in Albanian), 1980

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• der (preconsonantic & prevocalic)
• der (prevocalic, besides preconsonantic de)
• d'r, dr (Bern)

Article

de

1. (definite) the
   • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10:

     [...] Fründ der Natur [...]

   • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 30:

     [...]; der erst und de zweit Stock [...]

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, published in Zürich by Verlag von Orell Füßli & Co., I. Teil, p. 5:

     [...] so luted der erst Atrag, wo bi der Umfrog vom Pfleger Heieri Guetchnecht vorbrocht würd.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 13:

     [...] wo die Flüchtigkeit der Zeit den Ernst des Läbens dem Gemüeti näher bringt.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 34:

     [...] i siner Eigeschaft als Fürst der Höll, der [...]

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 52:

     Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
     Das will ich achte, als heied ihr mir 's tue – so spricht jo der Heiland.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, II. Teil, p. 23:

     Mach mit den ander-n acht Moß, wa d'witt; [...]

Declension

Zürich:

Thurgau:

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of, from

Usage notes

• The preposition de contracts to d' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: d'Asturies (“of Asturias”), d'hermanu (“of a brother”).

Derived terms

• d'
• del

Bambara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dè]

Particle

de

1. emphatic particle (placed directly after the word it modifies)

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/, [d̪e̞]

Noun

de inan

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Declension

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

Bavarian

Alternative forms

• d' (unstressed form)

Etymology

Cognate with German German die.

Article

de

1. stressed nominative/accusative singular feminine of der
2. stressed nominative/accusative/dative plural of der

See also

Pronoun

de

1. she, her (accusative)
2. they, them

Synonyms

• se

See also

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈde]

Noun

de f (plural des)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Etymology 2

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [də]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [de]

Preposition

de (before vowel or h d')

1. of, from

Further reading

• “de” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Etymology 3

Verb

de

1. inflection of dar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Cebuano

Etymology

From Spanish de.

Preposition

de

1. (dated) of, from (only in names with Spanish origins or in phrases with Spanish construct)

Related terms

• del, dela

Central Franconian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/

Article

de (definite, reduced)

1. the
   1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
   2. (most dialects) plural nominative and accusative
   3. (many dialects) plural dative
   4. (some dialects) masculine nominative
   5. (some dialects) masculine accusative
   6. (few dialects) feminine dative

Usage notes

• (masculine): Three territories must be distinguished: 1.) Ripuarian, in which the accusative takes the form of the nominative; 2.) western Moselle Franconian, in which the nominative takes the form of the accusative; 3.) eastern Moselle Franconian, in which nominative and accusative are distinct.

1.) In Ripuarian, the reduced masculine article in nominative and accusative is de only in a few places, including Bonn; most dialects have der. The full form is always dä.

2.) In western Moselle Franconian, the form is de, but becomes den before vowels, h-, and dental consonants. The full form is dän.

3.) In eastern Moselle Franconian, the reduced masculine article in the nominative is de in many dialects, der in others. The full form is där. The accusative takes den (full form: dän).

• (feminine): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced feminine article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in a few dialects of Ripuarian; the general form is der. The full form may be där or dä.
• (plural): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced plural article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in most dialects of Ripuarian. In Moselle Franconian the form is the same as the masculine accusative (see above). The full form of the dative plural may be dä, dän, or däne.
• Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinction whatsoever. Only the nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.

Declension

Ripuarian (scientific transcription by Münich with ę [ɛ] and ꝛ ⁠[ʁ⁠]):

Ripuarian → Kölsch (as actually used):

Quotations

• 1875, Fritz Hönig, „Geschräppels.“ Humoresken. Erster Band, p. 34:

  Ha geiht no noh'm Kobes öm Veetel op Aach,
  Verzällt imm dä ganzen Hergang der Saach.

Derived terms

• em (en dem)

References

• Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch. Verlag von Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1904, p. 138f. & 163f.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• di (Luserna)

Article

de

1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:
   1. nominative singular feminine
   2. accusative singular feminine
   3. nominative plural

   4. accusative plural

See also

References

• “de” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Cornish

Etymology 1

From Middle Cornish de, from Old Cornish doy, glossed in Vocabularium Cornicum as heri. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés. Cognate with Latin heri, Welsh doe, French hier, Sanskrit ह्यस् (hyas), etc.

Adverb

de (triggers soft mutation)

1. yesterday

Antonyms

• a-vorow (“tomorrow”)

Derived terms

Mutation

Etymology 2

Noun

de

1. Soft mutation of te.

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of

Related terms

• dei

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai. Usage of this word as a gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun is a semantic loan from English they.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /di/, [d̥i]
• Rhymes: -i

Article

de pl

1. plural definite article

   de grønne huse

   the green houses

See also

• den (common gender singular)
• det (neuter gender singular)

Pronoun

de (as a personal pronoun, it has the forms dem in the oblique case and deres in the genitive; as a determiner, it is uninflected)

1. (personal pronoun) they (third-person plural)
2. (personal pronoun, nonstandard) they (gender-neutral third-person singular)
3. (determiner) those
   • 2000, Mon farven har en anden lyd?: strejftog i 90'ernes musikliv og ungdomskultur i Danmark, Museum Tusculanum Press →ISBN, page 90

   • 2015, Lynne Graham, Claire Baxter, Den lunefulde kærlighed/Min bedste ven, min elskede, Förlaget Harlequin AB →ISBN

See also

Dutch

Etymology

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/
• Hyphenation: de
• Rhymes: -ə

Article

de

1. the (definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural)

   De man ― The man (masculine singular)

   De vrouw ― The woman (feminine singular)

   Het boek ― The book (neuter singular)

   De boeken ― The books (neuter plural)

   De oude man en de zee. ― The old man and the sea.

Usage notes

• Placed before masculine and feminine nouns in the singular and plural nouns of all genders, indicating a specific person or thing instead of a general case.

Declension

• There is also the clitic form 's for des. The oblique cases are archaic and found in contemporary Dutch only in fixed idiomatic phrases (e.g., op den duur or des ochtends).

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: die
• Berbice Creole Dutch: di
• Jersey Dutch: de
• Skepi Creole Dutch: di, de, the

Preposition

de

1. (informal, in restricted contexts, mostly with "man") per

   Ze namen drie biertjes de man. ― They took three beers per person.

   We betaalden vijftien euro de neus. ― We paid fifteen euros per person.

See also

• dé
• een
• het

Anagrams

• e.d.

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin dē, French de, Spanish de.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [de]
• Hyphenation: de

Preposition

de

1. from

2. of, possessed by

3. done, written or composed by

   Synonyms: far, fare de

Fala

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese de, from Latin dē (“of; from”).

Preposition

de

1. of

Usage notes

• When followed by the articles u/o, a, us/os, as; it contracts to du/do, da, dus/dos, das respectively.

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[8], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

Noun

de n (genitive singular des, plural de)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Declension

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) bókstavur; a / fyrra a, á, be, de, edd, e, eff, ge, há, i / fyrra i, í / fyrra í, jodd, ká, ell, emm, enn, o, ó, pe, err, ess, te, u, ú, ve, seinna i, seinna í, seinna a, ø

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French de, from Old French de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/
• Rhymes: -ə

Preposition

de

1. of (expresses belonging)

   Paris est la capitale de la France. ― Paris is the capital of France.
2. of (used to express property or association)

   Œuvres de Fermat ― Fermat’s Works

   Elle est la femme de mon ami. ― She is my friend’s wife.

   le voisin de Gabriel ― Gabriel's neighbor

3. from (used to indicate origin)

   Elle vient de France. ― She comes from France.

   Êtes-vous de Suisse ? ― Are you from Switzerland?

   Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. ― This cheese is from Spain.

   C’est de l’ouest de la France. ― It’s from the west of France.

   Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. ― The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux.

4. of (indicates an amount)

   5 kilos de pommes. ― 5 kilograms of apples.

   Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine

   Une portion de frites ― A portion of fries

5. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word

   Un jus de pomme ― Apple juice

   Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine

   Une boîte de nuit ― A nightclub

   Un chien de garde ― A guarddog

   Une voiture de sport ― A sportscar

   Un stade de football ― A football stadium

6. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range)

   De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. ― From 9 to 11 I won’t be free.

   Je travaille de huit heures à midi. ― I work from 8 o'clock to noon.

   un groupe de cinq à huit personnes ― a group of [from] five to eight people

7. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive

   J’ai arrêté de fumer. ― I stopped smoking.

   Il continue de m’embêter. ― He keeps annoying me.

   Elle m’a dit de venir. ― She told me to come.

   Nous vous exhortons de venir. ― We urge you to come.

8. by (indicates the amount of change)

   Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. ― Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%.

Usage notes

Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, de elides to d’. Before the article le, it contracts with the article into du. Before the article les, it contracts with the article into des.

Le Songe d’une nuit d’été’ ― A Midsummer Night’s Dream (literally, “The Dream of a night of summer”)

La queue du chien ― The dog’s tail

Index des auteurs ― Index of the authors

Descendants

• → English: de

Article

de (indefinite)

1. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives.

   Ce sont de bons enfants. ― They are good children.

   Il y a d’autres exemples. ― There are other examples.

2. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object.

   Elle n’a pas de mère. ― She doesn’t have a mother.

   Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn’t eat meat.

   Il n’y a pas de problèmes. ― There are no problems.

Usage notes

• In negative sentences, de often replaces the indefinite (un, une and des) and partitive articles (du, de la, des). However, there are situations where the indefinite or partitive articles are retained. For example:
  • when the nominal element is an attributive complement to the negated verb être

    Il n’est pas un menteur. ― He isn't a liar.

  • when the complement of the negated verb is followed by a contradistinctive element (not X, but Y)

    Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn't eat meat.

    Il ne mange pas de la viande, mais du pain. ― He doesn't eat meat, but bread.

Derived terms

• (contractions): d’, du, des

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dam/

Noun

d^e f (plural d^es)

1. Abbreviation of dame.

See also

• d^lle
• s^r

References

• “de”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• ed, éd.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɪ/
• Hyphenation: de

Preposition

de

1. of, from

3. of; -'s (belonging to)

Usage notes

The preposition de contracts to d- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

Derived terms

• dalgún, dalgunha, dalgunhas, dalgúns

• dun, dunha, dunhas, duns
• doutra, doutras, doutro, doutros

Further reading

• “de”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “de”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “de”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “de”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French deux (“two”), from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/

Numeral

de

1. two

Hungarian

Etymology

For the adverbial use, compare Polish ale.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdɛ]
• Rhymes: -dɛ

Adverb

de (not comparable)

1. how!, very much

   Synonyms: (dated, poetic) be, milyen, mennyire

   De szép ez a ház! ― Oh, how beautiful that house is!

Conjunction

de

1. but

   Synonyms: viszont, azonban, ám, ugyanakkor, ellenben

2. (oh) yes!, surely! (used as a positive contradiction to a negative statement)

   Synonym: de igen

   Nem voltál itt! – De ott voltam. ― You weren’t here! – Yes I was!

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

• (adverb): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (conjunction): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• de in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Hunsrik

Alternative forms

• te (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tə/

Article

de (definite)

1. inflection of där:
   1. unstressed nominative/accusative singular masculine
   2. unstressed dative singular feminine
   3. unstressed dative plural all genders

Declension

Further reading

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/, /dɛ/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French de and Spanish de.

Preposition

de

1. from (indicating departure, dependency, starting point, origin or derivation)

2. of (with a noun: indicating measurement, quantity, amount, content)

3. of (with an adjective: indicating measurement, dimension)

4. with a title of nobility

Antonyms

• ad (“to”)
• til (“until, till”)

Derived terms

• de-
• del (“from the”)

Related terms

• di (“of (indicates possession or association)”)
• da (“by”)

See also

• ek (“out of, out from”)

Etymology 2

From d +‎ -e.

Noun

de (plural de-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze ^{(Category: io:Latin letter names)}

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch dee.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /de/ [de]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: de

Noun

dé (plural de-de)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Synonyms

• di (Standard Malay)

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet

Further reading

• “de” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Preposition

de

1. from
2. since
3. of
4. with
5. by means of
6. to
7. for

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish di (“of, from”).

Alternative forms

• d’ (used before a vowel sound)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʲɛ/, /dʲə/
• (Galway) IPA^(key): /ɡə/
• (Ulster, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ə/, (before ⟨a/á, o/ó, u/ú⟩) /ə.ɣ-/, (before ⟨e/é, i/í⟩) /ə.j-/

Preposition

de (plus dative, triggers lenition, used only before consonant sounds)

1. from
2. of

Inflection

Derived terms

See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "de"

Etymology 2

From Old Irish de (“of/from him”).

Alternative forms

• dhe, dó, dhó

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʲɛ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /dʲɛh/

Pronoun

de (emphatic desean)

1. third-person singular masculine of de

References

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “de”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 de, di”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “de”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “de”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

Italian

Contraction

de

1. Apocopic form of del

   Michael Radford è il regista de "Il postino". ― Michael Radford is the director of "Il Postino".

Usage notes

De is used where del, della, etc, would ordinarily be used, but cannot be because the article is part of the title of a film, book, etc.

See also

• ne

Anagrams

• ed, ed.

Jamaican Creole

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

de

1. present progressive tense marker used before verbs

Etymology 2

Derived from English there.

Adverb

de

1. there

See also

• deso

Further reading

• de at majstro.com
• A Learner’s Grammar of Jamaican

Japanese

Romanization

de

1. The hiragana syllable で (de) or the katakana syllable デ (de) in Hepburn romanization.

Jersey Dutch

Etymology

From Dutch de (“the”). Cognates include Afrikaans die.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/

Article

de

1. the
   • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:

     De v'lôrene zön

     The prodigal (literally "lost") son

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of, from

Derived terms

• dl
• dla
• di
• dles

Ladino

Preposition

de (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling די)

1. of
2. from

Lashi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daj (“do, make”). Cognates include Ao da (“do”) and Lahu te (“do”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deː˧/

Verb

de

1. (transitive) to build

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de˧/

Noun

de

1. wealth

References

• Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎^[10], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latin

Etymology 1

From Etruscan. Etruscan names of stops were the stop followed by /eː/.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /deː/, [d̪eː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /de/, [d̪ɛː]

Noun

dē f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter D.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *dē, from an instrumental singular form of Proto-Indo-European *de. Also in suffixes -dam, -dum, -de, -dō (e.g. quondam, inde, unde, quandō), dōnec, Ancient Greek δέ (dé), δή (dḗ), English to.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /deː/, [d̪eː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /de/, [d̪ɛː]

Preposition

dē (+ ablative)

1. of, concerning, about

   actum est de aliquo ― It is over for someone, someone's fate is sealed

   de rebus mathematicis ― concerning mathematical things
2. from, away from, down from, out of; in general to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds.

   emere de aliquo ― to buy from someone

   aliquid mercari de aliquo ― to buy something from someone

   Saepe hoc audivi de patre. ― I have often heard this from Father.

   De mausoleo exaudita vox est. ― A voice was heard from the mausoleum.

   Ut sibi liceret discere id de me... ― Just as he himself permitted for me to learn...

   Hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   Brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   De digito anulum detraho. ― From the finger I pull the ring.

   de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere ― to rip someone away from the embrace of their mother and drag them away

   Nomen suum de tabula sustulit. ― He removed his name from the tablet.

   Ferrum de manibus extorsimus. ― We tore the sword from their hands.

   Juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest. ― The utility of a law is able to be produced either from an expert or from books.

   de caelo aliquid demittere ― to bring down something from the sky

   1. with petere, of a place

      De vicino terra petita solo. ― Earth brought from the nearby soil

   2. (Late Latin) of persons

      Peto de te. ― I beg of thee.

3. from, away from, to indicate the place from which someone or something departs or withdraws.

   Animam de corpore mitto. ― I release the spirit from the body.

   Aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit. ― Somehow the spirit has already passed somewhere from the body.

   Civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent. ― He persuaded the people to go forth from their territories with all their possessions.

   decedere de provincia ― to retire from office

   de vita decedere ― to withdraw from life

   exire de vita ― to exit out of life (compare excedere e vita)

   de triclinio, de cubiculo exire ― to go out from the triclinium, from the cubiculum

   de castris procedere ― to proceed out of the military camps

   Decido de lecto praeceps. ― I fall down from the bed headlong.

   de muro se deicere ― to throw oneself down from the wall

   de sella exsilire ― to jump from the stool

   nec ex equo vel de muro etc., hostem destinare ― to aim at the enemy from neither the horse nor the wall

   De altera parte tertia Sequanos decedere juberet. ― He ordered the Sequani to withdraw from another third part.

4. (particularly coins) over, in reference to the people subjugated when celebrating a Roman victory

   de Germanis ― over the Germans

   de Britannis ― over the Britons

Usage notes

• Dē denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point (it occupies a middle place between ab (“away from”) which denotes a mere external departure, and ex (“out of”) which signifies from the interior of a thing). Hence verbs compounded with dē are constructed not only with dē, but quite as frequently with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by dē.

Derived terms

Descendants

References

• de in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• de in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• de in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• de in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

• de in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Ligurian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/

Etymology 1

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of
2. from

Etymology 2

de (“of, from”, preposition) + e (“the (fem. plur.)”, article)

Contraction

de

1. of the, from the (followed by a plural feminine noun)

Lombard

Etymology 1

From Old Lombard de, from Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. from
2. by, of

Etymology 2

Noun

de

1. (Cremish) Alternative form of dì

References

• Bonifacio, Samarani (1852) Vocabulario cremasco-italiano‎^[13] (in Italian), Crema

Louisiana Creole

Etymology

Inherited from French deux (“two”), from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dø/
• Rhymes: -ø

Numeral

de

1. Alternative form of dé (“two”)

Low German

Alternative forms

• dee (for the pronoun)
• dei
• de, dé (´ denoting a raising of the voice), dè (` denoting a swallow up or shorting) (all three used together; Grafschaft Bentheim)

Etymology

From Middle Low German dê, from Old Saxon thē.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deː/, /deɪ/, /dɛɪ̯/

Article

de m or f (neuter dat, plural de)

1. the

   De Mann gat hen. ― The man walks [lit. goes] there.

   De Fru geiht hen. ― The woman walks [lit. goes] there.

   dat Sakramänt der Eihe (Paderbornisch) ― the sacrament of marriage

Usage notes

• Dative and accusative are sometimes called 'object case'. However, most (if not all) dialects have not actually merged these two.
• There is the only plural article and like English 'the' is used for nouns of every gender and class. Indefinite nouns in plural are used without article, again as in English.

Declension

Pronoun

de m or f (neuter dat)

1. (relative) which, that

   de Mann, de dår güng ― the man, which walked there

   de Mann, den wi hüert häbben ― the man, which we hired

   de Fru, de wi hüert hębben ― the woman, which we have hired

   dat Schipp, dat wi sailt hębben ― the ship that we have sailed

Usage notes

• The use as a relative pronoun might not be present in all dialects.

Declension

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [də]

Pronoun

de

1. unstressed form of du

Declension

Mandarin

Romanization

de (de⁵ / de⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄉㄜ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 地
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 底
3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 得
4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 的
5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 脦
6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠵨
7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of の

Romanization

de

1. Nonstandard spelling of dē.
2. Nonstandard spelling of dé.
3. Nonstandard spelling of dè.
4. Nonstandard spelling of dê̄.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French deux, from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/

Numeral

de

1. two

Derived terms

• de trwa

Middle Dutch

Article

de

1. inflection of die:
   1. masculine nominative singular
   2. feminine nominative/accusative singular
   3. nominative/accusative plural

Middle English

Etymology 1

Pronoun

de

1. Alternative form of þe (“thee”)

Etymology 2

Noun

de

1. Alternative form of dee

Middle French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē.

Pronunciation

Preposition

de

1. of
2. from

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Descendants

• French: de
  • → English: de

Mirandese

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of, from

   Pertual ye un paíç localizado ne l sudoeste de la Ouropa. ― Portugal is a country located in the south-west of Europe.

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German diu, from Old High German diu, from Proto-Germanic *þō, an alteration of *sō. Cognate with German die, obsolete English tho.

Article

de (singular masculine der, singular neuter s)

1. the, nominative singular feminine definite article
2. the, nominative plural definite article

References

• “de” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

North Frisian

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian thī, from Proto-Germanic *þiz.

Pronoun

de (Mooring)

1. Object case of dü: you, thee; yourself, thyself

Alternative forms

• di (Föhr-Amrum, Sylt)

See also

Etymology 2

From Old Frisian thī, derived from forms of Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Article

de (Föhr-Amrum)

1. the (masculine singular, full form)

   Coordinate term: (reduced form) a

Alternative forms

• di (Mooring, Sylt)

See also

Northern Kurdish

Postposition

de

1. an element of several circumpositions

Related terms

• di ... de
• li ... de
• ji ... de

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

Adjective

-de

1. tall

Inflection

Northern Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈte/

Conjunction

de

1. then, after that
2. then, in that case

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[14], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Adverb

de

1. yes

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diː/

Article

de

1. definite article, equivalent to "the", used before adjectives used with plural nouns; also used before adjectives converted to nouns. Usually capitalised as "De" when used in proper nouns.

Related terms

• den
• det

Pronoun

de (accusative dem, genitive deres)

1. they
2. those

See also

References

• “de” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse þér, ér and þit, it. From a variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Alternative forms

• dokker
• di, did (dialectal and/or nonstandard)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deː/, /diː/

Pronoun

de (objective case dykk, possessive dykkar)

1. you (second-person plural)

Synonyms

• dokker

See also

Etymology 2

From French de, Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. used in set expressions (such as de jure); translates to "from" and "of"

Etymology 3

Pronoun

de

1. (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (“that, it”)

Article

de n

1. (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (“that, it”)

Etymology 4

Pronoun

de

1. (dialectal or eye dialect, Trøndelag dialect, Eastern Norway) pronunciation spelling of deg

References

• “de” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “de” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring
• Ivar Aasen (1850) “did”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog‎^[15] (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000

Nupe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dē/

Verb

de

1. to have

   Mi de etun à ― I don't have a job

Occitan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of
2. from

Alternative forms

• d' (before a vowel)

Etymology 2

Noun

de f (plural des)

1. dee (the letter d, D)

Old French

Etymology

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē.

Pronunciation

Preposition

de

1. of
2. from

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Usage notes

• before a vowel, either remains as a separate word or becomes d'

Derived terms

• del (de + le)
• des (de + les)

Descendants

• Middle French: de
  • French: de
    • → English: de

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

• d- (elided form when followed by a word which begins with a vowel)
• D- (elided form when followed by a capitalised word which begins with a vowel)

Etymology

From Latin dē (“of; from”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/

Preposition

de

1. of

   • Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.

     This 19th is how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer the great pains she underwent.

Descendants

• Fala: de
• Galician: de
• Portuguese: de

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dʲe]

Preposition

de

2. Alternative form of di (“of, from”)
   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26^b7

Pronoun

de

2. third-person singular masculine/neuter of di (“of, from”)
   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26^b7

4. Used after the comparative degree of an adjective in the meaning of English “the” before a comparative

   lía de ― the more (literally, “more of it”)

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23^d23

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of
2. from

Papuan Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/

Pronoun

de

1. he, she, it

   De pukul sa kemarin. ― He hit me yesterday.

Usage notes

• De is the short form of dia. It cannot always replace the latter. For instance, in the example below, 'by him' must be expressed by the full pronoun.

Sa dapa pukul (dari dia) ― I was hit (by him/her).

References

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German den.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/

Article

de pl (definite)

1. dative plural of der (“the”)

Declension

Pronoun

de

1. you

Declension

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/

Verb

de (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling دےۡ)

1. Past tense marker

References

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “de”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[16], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish

Etymology

From the first letter of dupa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ/
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Syllabification: de

Noun

de n (indeclinable)

1. (minced oath) ass, arse, butt

Further reading

• de in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• d' (archaic, except for fixed terms)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese de (“of”), from Latin dē (“of”).

Pronunciation

• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): /di/
• (Caipira) IPA^(key): /di/
• Hyphenation: de

Preposition

de

2. of (in relation to)

   os amigos dele ― his friends (literally, “the friends of him”)

   2. of (forms compounds; often untranslated)

      fones de ouvido ― headphones (literally, “phones of ear”)

      acampamento de verão ― summer camp

   4. of; about (on the subject of)

      Do que estavam falando? ― What were they talking about?

   6. of; -'s (belonging to)

      a casa de alguém ― someone's house

   8. -'s (made by)

      Você provou o bolo da minha mãe? ― Have you tried my mother’s cake?

   10. of (being a part of)

       capa do livro ― cover of the book

   12. of (introduces the month a given day is part of)

       Primeiro de janeiro. ― First of January.

   14. of (introduces the object of an agent noun)

       Hitler foi um exterminador de judeus. ― Hitler was an exterminator of Jews.

   16. of (introduces the name of a place following its hypernym)

       A vila de Iorque. ― The village of York.

4. of; -en (made or consisting of)

   De que é feito? ― What is this made of? (literally, “Of what is made this?”)

   2. -long (having the duration of)

      um filme de duas horas ― a two hour-long movie

   4. of (indicates the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun)

      Milhares de pessoas vieram. ― Thousands of people came.

   6. of (characterised by; having the given quality)

      O templo não é mais um local de paz. ― The temple is no longer a place of peace.

6. of (introduces the noun that applies a given adjective or past participle)

   Um balde cheio de água. ― A bucket full of water.

8. from (born in or coming out of)

   De onde você é? ― Where are you from?

10. by means of; by

    Eu sempre vou trabalhar de ônibus. ― I always go to work by bus.

12. as (in the role of)

    Na festa, ele estava de bruxo. ― At the party, he was dressed as a wizard.

14. in (wearing)

    Homens de Preto ― Men in Black

Usage notes

When followed by an article, a pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, or an adverb denoting location, de is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:de.

Romanian

Alternative forms

• де (de) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling
• dă, di — dialectal

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/
• Rhymes: -e

Conjunction

de

1. (informal or literary) if

   Synonyms: dacă (most usual), să (relatively uncommon)

2. (with the optative mood) if only
3. (informal) that (to the effect that)

   Synonyms: încât, (informal) că

4. (archaic) while (whereas, despite the fact that)

   Synonyms: chiar dacă, deși, cu toate că

Usage notes

In the meaning of “if”, de is not typically directly followed by any word other than a verb, a pronoun (accusative or reflexive, but not nominative) or the word nu (“no”). The more common and style-neutral dacă is under no such restrictions.

As an informal synonym of încât, de is used in simple constructions without any coordinative adverbs like atât, așa (“so”); therefore, a part of the sentence (“so much”, “so hard”, etc.) is missing and must be inferred. Încât and că, while equivalent in meaning, require a coordinative adverb and so are not readily interchangeable with de.

Preposition

de (+accusative)

1. of

2. (before spatial adverbs and prepositions) Indicates source of motion: from.

3. (before spatial adverbs and prepositions) Indicates source of origin: from.

4. (with adverbs of time, precisely referenced time-related nouns, or prepositions or conjunctions of time) of, from, ’s

5. for (intended for a certain destination)

6. Introduces a measure or a measurable or describable trait: of

7. Introduces the doer of a passive verb or participle: by.

8. Introduces the author of a work: by.
9. Connects a cardinal numeral who is a multiple of 100 or whose tens are greater than 1 to the determinated noun.

10. Connects most adverbs other than certain basic ones to the determinated adjectives or adverbs.

11. Follows certain adverbs of position (as well as the temporal adverb înainte) to form prepositional phrases.

12. Marks the point of action of a force of grip: by.

13. (informal outside certain constructions; regarding physical or mental states or traits of living beings) for, because of, out of

    Synonyms: de la (colloquial), din cauza

14. (informal, chiefly in the negative) Indicates the cause of a hindrance, physical or otherwise: because of

15. Forms an adverbial numeral with ori or dăți.

16. Precedes numbers and letters when they are themselves counted.

17. (after indications of position or before numerals, time coordinates, or the word atât) than

    Synonym: decât (mutually exclusive in use)

18. Marks the starting point of a state or recurring event: since, starting, as of.

    de acum încolo ― from now on

19. Marks the duration of a state or recurring event persisting to the present: for, in

20. (only of festive dates) on

    Synonym: pe (of regular dates)

21. (informal) Against a sum of money or the equivalent value of something.

22. (informal) Synonym of despre (“about, of”).

23. (informal) Connects an often negative qualifier to a noun or pronoun: of a.

    Aici stă un nesuferit de moș. ― Here lives a jerk of an old man.

    Prostul de mine, am uitat. ― Foolish me, I forgot.

24. Stands between two repetitions of a unit of time to mark it as an interval of regular repetition: by.

    zi de zi ― day by day, daily

    an de an ― year by year, annualy

25. (colloquial) Stands between two reduplications of a noun, with the resulting construction signifying that said noun is distinguished in its class in an impressive way.

26. Indicates a specific train by its origin station.

27. Indicates the recipients of an equal distribution: per.

Usage notes

Derived terms

• cum de
• de abia
• de altfel
• de asemenea
• de ce
• de culoare
• de cum
• de departe
• de fapt
• de față
• de la
• de minune
• demult
• de obicei
• de parcă
• departe
• de rând
• desigur
• deși
• de toate
• de tot
• deoarece
• de unde
• de unul singur
• din
• dintre

Pronoun

de m or f or n (indeclinable)

1. (informal or regional) Relative pronoun: who, whom, to whom.

   Synonym: care

Usage notes

De can replace any form of care in the nominative, accusative and dative case.

• Nominative: omul care a sosit — omul de a sosit (“The man who arrived”)
• Accusative: casa pe care o văd — casa de o văd (“the house which I see”)
• Dative: unul căruia i-am plătit — unul de i-am plătit (“one to whom I paid”)

Genitive constructions cannot be expressed with de.

Replacement of accusative care preceded by a preposition is done with a resumption of the object: filmul la care ne-am uitat — filmul de ne-am uitat la el (“the film we watched”). Stylistically this is much less desirable.

References

• de in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader) di
• (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) gi

Etymology

From Latin diēs.

Noun

de m (plural des)

1. (Surmiran) day

Sardinian

Alternative forms

• 'e (aphetic)
• d' (apocopic)
• di (Campidanese)

Etymology

From Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *de.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/

Preposition

de (Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese)

1. Used to indicate possession, after the thing owned and before the owner; of; ’s
2. from
3. by, of, ’s
4. than
5. Used in superlative forms; in, of
6. about, on, concerning
7. Expresses composition; of, made of, in or more often omitted
8. (followed by an infinitive) to or omitted
9. Used in some expressions in a partitive-like function, often without article.

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
• Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “de”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Saterland Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/
• Hyphenation: de

Article

de

1. Unstressed form of die
2. Unstressed form of ju
3. Unstressed form of do

References

• Pyt Kramer (1996) Kute Seelter Sproakleere‎^[17], Mildam, page 10

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• dhe

Etymology

From Old Irish di. Cognates include Irish de and Manx jeh.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̥ʲe/, (some dialects) /d̪̊ə/

Preposition

de (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhen)

1. of
2. off

Usage notes

• Before a word beginning with a vowel or fh, the form de dh' may be used:

  tha gràine de dh'airgead agam ― I have a little bit of money

• In colloquial language and certain set phrases, the reduced form a may be used:

  chan eil càil a dh'fhios aige ― he has no idea

Inflection

Derived terms

• bhàrr (“down from, from off”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kъdě, *kъde, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷu-dʰe.

Adverb

de (Cyrillic spelling де)

1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

Pronoun

de (Cyrillic spelling де)

1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

Synonyms

• gdje

Seychellois Creole

Etymology

From French deux, from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

Numeral

de

1. two

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

Adjective

-de

1. tall

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (after a pause, 'l', 'm', 'n' and 'ñ') /de/ [d̪e]
  • Syllabification: de
• IPA^(key): (elsewhere) /de/ [ð̞e̞]
• Rhymes: -e
• Homophone: dé

Etymology 1

Noun

de f (plural des)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Spanish de, from Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of; 's; used after the thing owned and before the owner

2. from (with the source or provenance of or at)

   agua de manantial ― springwater

3. of (expressing composition, substance)

   una mesa de madera ― a wooden table

4. about (concerning; with regard to)

   Synonyms: sobre, acerca de

   tratarse de ― to be about; to concern

5. of, from (indicating cause)

6. of (indicates a quality or characteristic)

7. from (with the origin, starting point or initial reference of or at)

   Synonym: desde

8. of (indicates the subject or cause of the adjective)

   harto de ― sick of; tired of

9. from (with the separation, exclusion or differentiation of)

10. than (in certain phrases)

    más de ― more than

    menos de ― less than, fewer than

11. used to construct compound nouns (with attributive nouns)

12. (followed by the infinitive) indicates a conditional desire

13. indicates a time of day or period of someone's life

    de día ― during the daytime

    de niño ― as a child; during childhood

14. (after a noun and before a verb) indicates the purpose of an object

    Synonym: para

    goma de mascar ― chewing gum

    caña de pescar ― fishing rod

Usage notes

• de combines with el to form del.
• May form an all-capital ligature Đ.

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

• “de”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From Igbo dị. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/

Verb

de

1. (copula) to be.

Particle

de

1. (dated) Alternative form of e.

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai (with noun ending -r).

Alternative forms

• dom (informal)
• di (informal, dialectal)

Pronunciation

• (Sweden) IPA^(key): /dɔm/, (formal) /deː/, (dialectal) /diː/, (dialectal) /dɪ/
• Homophone: dem (if pronounced /dɔm/)
• Homophones: det, D, d (if pronounced /deː/.)
• (Finland) IPA^(key): /diː/
• Rhymes: -ɔm, -eː

Pronoun

de (third-person plural nominative, dative and accusative dem, genitive deras, reflexive sig)

1. they

2. Misspelling of dem.

Usage notes

In most dialects, de (“they”) and dem (“them”) are no longer distinguished in speech. They are regularly mixed up in writing by native speakers, due to lack of grammatical intuition. The article de is often mixed up with dem as well.

Declension

Article

de

1. the, a definite article used in the beginning of noun phrases containing attributive adjectives and nouns in the plural. This article is used together with the definite suffix of the noun to indicate the definiteness of the noun phrase.

   de gröna bilarna ― the green cars

Usage notes

• The usage notes for den explain how to express "the [adjective] [noun]."
• The same type of noun phrases with singular nouns instead use den (common gender) or det (neuter) for this function. Some definite noun phrases with attributive adjectives may skip these preceding articles. This is the case especially for many lexicalized noun phrases and also for many noun phrases working as proper names of organisations, geographical places, TV shows, events and similar.

While the personal pronoun de has an object form and a genitive form, the definite article de is unaffected by the syntactic role of the noun phrase.

Related terms

• de här

Etymology 2

From the common pronunciation of this word.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deː/
• Homophones: det, D, d

Pronoun

de

1. (colloquial, text messaging, Internet) Pronunciation spelling of det.

Article

de

1. (colloquial, text messaging, Internet) Pronunciation spelling of det.

References

• den in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• den in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• den in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• e.d., ed

Tabaru

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [de]

Conjunction

de

1. coordinating conjunction between two nouns: and

   'o 'esa de 'o dea ― mother and father

2. coordinating conjunction between two clauses: and

   'una wigogama de witirine ― he is feverish and he trembles

References

• Edward A. Kotynski (1988) “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume 32, Summer Institute of Linguistics

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /de/ [d̪ɛ]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: de

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish de (“of”).

Preposition

de (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ) (archaic)

1. of (now only used in derived forms)

   Synonym: ng

See also

• de-

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish de, the Spanish name of the letter D/d.

Noun

de (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ) (historical)

1. the name of the Latin-script letter D/d, in the Abecedario

   Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) di, (in the Abakada alphabet) da

Further reading

• Panganiban, José Villa (1973) Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles (overall work in Tagalog and English), Quezon City: Manlapaz Publishing Co., page 360

Tarantino

Preposition

de

1. of

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English day.

Noun

de

1. day

Related terms

• asde
• gude
• hapasde
• olde
• olde olde
• pede
• sande
• seven de
• tede
• tude

See also

• (days of the week) ol de bilong wik; Mande, Tunde, Trinde, Fonde, Fraide, Sarere, Sande ^{(Category: tpi:Days of the week)}

Turkish

Alternative forms

• da (after back vowels)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (standard) /dɛ/, [d̪ɛ]
• IPA^(key): (colloquial) /‿dɛ/, [‿d̪ɛ]

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ده (da, de, “conj. also, and, moreover, again”), from Proto-Turkic *tākı (“conj. and”).

Conjunction

de

1. as well, too, also

   Özer de sorunun yanıtını biliyor. ― Özer also knows the answer of the question.

   Berker de bizimle geliyor. ― Berker is coming with us as well.

   Utku da dondurma yemeyi sever. ― Utku likes eating ice cream, too.

2. however

   Herkes iddia ediyor ki boyum uzamış da ben fark etmiyorum. ― Everyone claims that I've gotten taller however I don't really notice it.

Usage notes

• Complies with vowel harmony; takes the form da with vowels "a, ı, o, u" and de with vowels "e, i, ö, ü."
• Although generally linked with the word before in conversations, the Turkish Language Association accepts the joined spelling of the word before with "de" as a misspelling.

Etymology 2

Verb

de

1. second-person singular imperative of demek

Etymology 3

Noun

de

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names)}

References

Further reading

• "Bağlaç Olan da, de’nin Yazılışı" - at TDK Sözlük

Volapük

Preposition

de

1. of, from

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Etymology 1

Contraction of older deau (“right; south”), from Proto-Celtic *dexswos (“right”). Cognate with Cornish dyhow, Breton dehou, Irish deas, Scottish Gaelic deas, Manx jiass.

The sense "south" comes from the fact that the south is on the right-hand side of a person facing east. Compare the relationship between cledd (“left”) and gogledd (“north”).

Adjective

de (feminine singular de, plural de, not comparable)

1. right (opposite of left)
2. south, southern (abbreviation: D)

Derived terms

• Môr y De (“the South Sea”)
• Pegwn y De (“the South Pole”)

Noun

de m or f (uncountable)

1. right
2. south
3. (as y De, when in Wales) South Wales

Usage notes

• The noun has masculine gender when used with the sense of "south" and feminine gender when used with the sense "right".

Mutation

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “south”): gogledd
• (antonym(s) of “right”): chwith

Derived terms

• de-ddwyrain (“south-east”)
• de-orllewin (“south-west”)

See also

• (compass points)

References

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

de

1. Soft mutation of te.

Mutation

West Frisian

Etymology

Compare Dutch and Low German de, English the, German der.

Determiner

de

1. the; definite article

   Ik hâld de boek. ― I'm holding the book.

Usage notes

After one-syllable prepositions ending in a consonant, the variant 'e is used.

Inflection

• Common singular: de
• Neuter singular: it
• Plural: de

Further reading

• “de”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

West Makian

Etymology

Possibly related to the stem found in Ternate ngori.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪e/

Pronoun

de (possessive prefix ti)

1. first-person singular pronoun, I

See also

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[18], Pacific linguistics

Wyandot

Etymology

cf. Mohawk ne.

Article

de

1. the

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

Adjective

-de

1. tall

Inflection

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [de]

Particle

de

1. expresses frustration

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “de”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[19], Lyon

Yoruba

Alternative forms

• دعِ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dè/

Verb

dè

1. (transitive) to tie down, to constrain

   Mo dè é lọ́wọ́ àti lẹ́sẹ̀ ― I tied him on both his hands and legs

2. to embroider

   Mo de ọrùn aṣọ náà ― I embroided the neck of the clothes

Usage notes

• de when coming before a direct object

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dè/

Verb

dè

1. (intransitive) to deputize, to hold a position for someone temporarily

   Ó ń de ipò fún mi ― He was deputizing my position for me

Usage notes

• Usually used with the word ipò (“position”)
• de when coming before a direct object

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Cognate with Igala dè.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dè/

Verb

dè

1. (transitive) to await, to wait for

   Mo jókòó dè é ― I sat down and waited for him

Usage notes

• de when coming before a direct object noun
• Used as a verb-second element

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dé/

Verb

dé

1. (intransitive, copulative) to arrive

   A ti dé ― We have arrived

2. (transitive) to attain, to reach a particular point

Derived terms

Preposition

dé

1. up to, as far as

   Ó gùn títí dé Èkó ― It stretched to as far as Lagos

Etymology 5

Cognate with Igala dé.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dé/

Verb

dé

1. (transitive) to cover, to wear a hat

Derived terms

Zande

Noun

de

1. woman

Zealandic

Etymology

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die.

Determiner

de

1. the (definite article)

Inflection

• Masculine: de, d'n (before b, d, t or a vowel)
• Feminine: de
• Neuter: 't
• Plural: de

Zhuang

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Proto-Zhuang-Tai *te.A?”)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /te˨˦/
• Tone numbers: de¹
• Hyphenation: de

Pronoun

de (Sawndip forms 他 or 𬿇 or 𭶼 or 爹 or 佚 or 𰂡, 1957–1982 spelling de)

1. he; she; it

See also

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì. The expected reflex would be -le, however it was changed due to analogy with its class 8, 9, and 10 forms (zinde, inde, zinde).

Adjective

-de

1. long
2. tall, high

Inflection

Derived terms

• -dana
• ubude

Verb

-de

1. (auxiliary) always [with participle]

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-dé”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-dé”
• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-de”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-de”

ǃKung

Noun

de

1. woman

Synonyms

• ǯau
• zau