and

English Online Dictionary. What means and‎? What does and mean?

English

Pronunciation

• (stressed form) enPR: ănd, ĕnd IPA^(key): /ænd/, /ɛnd/
  • Rhymes: -ænd, -ɛnd
• (unstressed form) enPR: ən(d) IPA^(key): /ənd/, /ən/, /æn/, /ɛn/, /ɛnd/, /n̩d/, /n̩/
• Homophone: (unstressed form, also for some speakers stressed form) end
• (unstressed form) Homophone: an

Etymology 1

From Middle English and, an, from Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic *andi, from Proto-Germanic *andi, *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scots an (“and”), North Frisian en (“and”), West Frisian en, in (“and”), Yiddish און (un, “and”), Low German un (“and”), Dutch en (“and”), German und (“and”), Danish end (“but”), Swedish än (“yet, but”), Icelandic and Norwegian enn (“still, yet”), Albanian edhe (“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende (“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante (“opposite, in front of”), and Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”). Doublet of an ("if").

Alternative forms

• an'
• 'n' (n)

Conjunction

and

1. As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
   1. Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs. [from 8th c.]
      • c. 1430 (reprinted 1888), Thomas Austin, ed., Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London: N. Trübner & Co. for the Early English Text Society, volume I, OCLC 374760, page 11:

        Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke […] caste þher-to Safroun an Salt […]
   2. Simply connecting two clauses or sentences. [from 8th c.]
   3. Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first. [from 9th c.]
      • 2007: Jimmy Carr, 8 out of 10 Cats, 13th day of July episode

        Romance is dead; men killed it, and made women clean up the mess.

   4. (obsolete) Yet; but. [10th–17th c.]
   5. Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]
      • 1956, Dodie Smith, (title):

        The One Hundred and One Dalmatians.

   6. (now colloquial or literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
      • 1939, Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, The Wizard of Oz (screenplay):

        Lions, and tigers, and bears! Oh, my!

   7. Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition. [from 10th c.]
   8. Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause. [from 10th c.]
   9. Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.
   10. (now dialectal or somewhat colloquial) Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘to’. Used especially after come, go and try. [from 14th c.]
   11. Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other". [from 16th c.]
   12. Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb). [from 17th c.]
2. (heading) Expressing a condition.
   1. (now US dialect) If; provided that. [from 13th c.]
   2. (obsolete) As if, as though. [15th–17th c.]
3. (mathematics, logic) Connecting two well-formed formulas to create a new well-formed formula that requires it to only be true when both of the two formulas are true.

Usage notes

Synonyms

• (used to connect two similar words or phrases): as well as, together with, in addition to
• (informal): &, 'n', +
• (in artist collaborations): x

Derived terms

• Antigua and Barbuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Wallis and Futuna

Related terms

• equal to
• false
• if
• iff
• implies
• nand
• nor
• not
• or
• true
• xor

Translations

See also

• formal logic

Noun

and (plural ands)

1. (music, often informal) In rhythm, the second half of a divided beat.

Etymology 2

From Middle English ande, from Old English anda (“grudge, enmity, malice, envy, hatred, anger, zeal, annoyance, vexation; zeal; injury, mischief; fear, horror”) and Old Norse andi (“breath, wind, spirit”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“breath, anger, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”).

Cognate with German Ahnd, And (“woe, grief”), Danish ånde (“breath”), Swedish anda, ande (“spirit, breath, wind, ingenuity, intellect”), Icelandic andi (“spirit”), Albanian ëndë (“pleasure, delight”), Latin animus (“spirit, soul”). Related to onde.

Alternative forms

• aynd, eind, eynd, yane, end

Noun

and (plural ands)

1. (UK dialectal) Breath.
2. (UK dialectal) Sea smoke; steam fog.

Etymology 3

From Middle English anden, from Old English andian (“to be envious or jealous, envy”) and Old Norse anda (“to breathe”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadōną (“to breathe, sputter”). Cognate with German ahnden (“to avenge, punish”), Danish ånde (“to breathe”), Swedish andas (“to breathe”), Icelandic anda (“to breathe”). See above.

Alternative forms

• eind, eynd, ein

Verb

and (third-person singular simple present ands, present participle anding, simple past and past participle anded)

1. (UK dialectal, intransitive) To breathe; whisper; devise; imagine.

Anagrams

• -dan, ADN, DAN, DNA, Dan, Dan., NAD, NDA, dan, dna, nad

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ānt (“oath”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰦 (nt), Turkish ant.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɑnd]

Noun

and (definite accusative andı, plural andlar)

1. oath

   Synonym: əhd

Declension

Derived terms

• and içmək (“to take an oath”)

References

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, cognate with German Ente, Dutch eend. The Germanic noun derives from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”), which is also the source of Latin anas, Ancient Greek νῆττα (nêtta), Lithuanian ántis, Sanskrit आति (ātí).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /anˀ/, [ænˀ]
• Rhymes: -and

Noun

and c (singular definite anden, plural indefinite ænder)

1. duck
2. canard (false or misleading report or story)

Declension

Further reading

• “and” in Den Danske Ordbog

Estonian

Etymology

From the root of andma. Cognate with Finnish anti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑnʲd̥/, [ˈɑnʲd̥]

Noun

and (genitive anni, partitive andi)

1. offering, gift
2. alms, donation
3. giftedness, talent
4. act of giving

Declension

Fingallian

Conjunction

and

1. and

Gothic

Romanization

and

1. Romanization of 𐌰𐌽𐌳

Livonian

Alternative forms

• (Courland) andõ

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *antadak, from Proto-Uralic *ëmta-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑnd/

Verb

and

1. (Salaca) to give

Middle English

Alternative forms

• annd, ant, an, en
• ⁊, &

Etymology

From Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic *andi, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /and/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /an/, /ɛn/

Conjunction

and

1. and, and then (connects two elements of a sentence)
2. however, yet, but, though. while
3. if, supposing that, whether.
4. (rare) As though, like, in a manner suggesting.

Descendants

• English: and
• Scots: an
• Yola: an, an', and

References

• “and, conj. (& adv.).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-01-14.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑnː/, /ɑnd/

Noun

and f or m (definite singular anda or anden, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)

1. a duck
2. canard (false or misleading report or story)

Derived terms

• Andeby (“Duckburg”)
• andunge

References

• “and” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /an(d)/, [ɐ̞nd], [ɐ̞nː]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).

Alternative forms

• ond
• ønd (dialectal)

Noun

and f (definite singular anda, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)

1. a duck (waterbird)

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ǫnd.

Alternative forms

• ond

Noun

and f (definite singular anda, indefinite plural ander, definite plural andene)

2. breath, spirit

   Synonyms: ande, pust

Etymology 3

Verb

and

1. imperative of ande

References

• “and” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• and-, dan

Old English

Alternative forms

• ond, end
• ᚪᚾᛞ (and), ᛖᚾᛞ (end) — Franks Casket

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *anda, *andi, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old Frisian and, Old Saxon endi, Old High German unti, Old Norse enn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑnd/, /ɔnd/

Conjunction

and

1. and

Synonyms

• ⁊ (symbol)

Descendants

• Middle English: and, annd, ant, an, en, ⁊, &
  • English: and
  • Scots: an
  • Yola: an, an', and

Adverb

and

1. even; also

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

• ande, ende

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old English and, Old Saxon endi, Old High German unti, Old Norse enn.

Conjunction

and

1. and

Descendants

• North Frisian: en
• Saterland Frisian: un
• West Frisian: en, in

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *andom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó. The adverbial sense of this term is the original one, and it has an etymology independent of i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /an͈d/

Pronoun

and

1. third-person singular masculine/neuter dative of hi: in him, in it
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 31^b23

Adverb

and

1. there
   • c. 850-875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 110c

2. then, in that case
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4^a27

Descendants

• Middle Irish: ann
  • Irish: ann
  • Manx: ayn
  • Scottish Gaelic: ann

Scots

Conjunction

and

1. Alternative form of an

Usage notes

• While and is relatively often written due to English influence, it is seldom pronounced as such, making way for an.

References

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /and/

Noun

and c

1. a wild duck

Declension

Related terms

See also

• anka (domesticated duck)

References

• and in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• -nad, Dan, dan

Turkish

Noun

and

1. Archaic form of ant (“oath”).

Yola

Conjunction

and

1. Alternative form of an (“and”)

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 49

Zealandic

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hant, from Old Dutch hant, from Proto-West Germanic *handu.

Noun

and f (plural [please provide])

1. hand

Alternative forms

• 'and