English Online Dictionary. What means alcohol? What does alcohol mean?
English
Etymology
Entered in the early 15th c. from Middle English alcofol, from Middle French alcohol or Spanish alcohol, derived from the Medieval Latin rendering alcohol transmitted in medical or alchemical literature of Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”), which in Andalusian Arabic also bore the form كُحُول (kuḥūl), قُحُول (quḥūl); bearing thus the meaning of stibnite first, then generalized in meaning to a powder obtained by triturating a material, then also to liquids obtained by boiling down, and specialized to mean spirit of wine, ethanol, in the 18th century, then the narrow chemical sense after 1850.
Doublet of alcool and kohl.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈæl.kə.hɒl/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈæl.kə.hɔl/, /ˈæl.kə.hɑl/
- (US, nonstandard) IPA(key): /ˈɑl.kə.hɔl/, /ˈɑl.kə.hɑl/
Noun
alcohol (countable and uncountable, plural alcohols)
- (organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).
- (colloquial) Ethanol.
- (uncountable) Beverages containing ethanol, collectively.
- (obsolete) Any very fine powder.
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:alcoholic beverage
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Arabic: كُحُول (kuḥūl)
- → Korean: 알코올 (alkool), 알콜 (alkol)
- → Malay: alkohol
- → Swahili: alkoholi
- → Tok Pisin: alkohol
Translations
References
Asturian
Noun
alcohol m (plural alcoholes)
- alcohol
Catalan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Central) [əl.kuˈɔl]
- IPA(key): (Balearic) [əl.koˈɔl]
- IPA(key): (Valencian) [al.koˈɔl]
Noun
alcohol m (plural alcohols)
- (organic chemistry, countable) alcohol
- (uncountable) alcohol
Related terms
- alcohòlic
- alcoholisme
Further reading
- “alcohol” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Dutch
Alternative forms
- alkohol (superseded)
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin alcohol or Spanish alcohol, of Arabic origin.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑl.koːˌɦɔl/
- Hyphenation: al‧co‧hol
Noun
alcohol m (plural alcoholen)
- (countable, organic chemistry) alcohol (class of compounds)
- (uncountable) alcohol (ethanol specifically)
Hyponyms
- (beverage): sterke drank
Derived terms
- alcoholica
- alcoholicus
- alcoholisch
- alcoholisme
- alcoholist
- alcoholslot
Related terms
- -ol
Descendants
- Afrikaans: alkohol
- → Indonesian: alkohol
- → Japanese: アルコール (arukōru)
- → Pohnpeian: ahrkohl
French
Pronunciation
Noun
alcohol m (plural alcohols)
- (rare) Alternative spelling of alcool
Galician
Alternative forms
- alcol
- álcool (reintegrationist)
Noun
alcohol m (plural alcohois)
- alcohol
Related terms
- alcohólico
- alcoholismo
Further reading
- “alcohol”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
Interlingua
Noun
alcohol (uncountable)
- alcohol (ethanol)
Related terms
- alcoholic
Latin
Etymology
From Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl), اَلْقُحُول (al-quḥūl), earlier اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”). Ultimately from Akkadian.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈal.ko.hol/, [ˈäɫ̪ko(ɦ)ɔɫ̪]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈal.ko.ol/, [ˈälkoːl]
Noun
alcohol n (genitive alcoholis); third declension
- (Medieval Latin) kohl, collyrium, stibium
- (Medieval Latin) any other powder obtained from triturating a material
- alcohol ferrī ― rubbed file dust of iron
- (Medieval Latin) distilled essence, spirit
- (Medieval Latin) alcohol
Declension
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Derived terms
- alcoholicus
Descendants
References
- alcohol in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Old French
Noun
alcohol oblique singular, m (oblique plural alcohous or alcohox or alcohols, nominative singular alcohous or alcohox or alcohols, nominative plural alcohol)
- alcohol
Descendants
- Middle French: alcohol
- French: alcohol, alcool (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle English: alcofol
- English: alcohol (see there for further descendants)
Romanian
Noun
alcohol m (plural alcoholi)
- Obsolete form of alcool.
Declension
References
- alcohol in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
Spanish
Etymology
From Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥū́l), from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (common) /alˈkol/ [alˈkol]
- Rhymes: -ol
- IPA(key): (careful speech) /alkoˈol/ [al.koˈol]
- Rhymes: -ol
- Syllabification: al‧co‧hol
Noun
alcohol m (plural alcoholes)
- alcohol
- (mineralogy) galena
- (cosmetics) kohl, stibnite
Derived terms
Further reading
- “alcohol”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Welsh
Etymology
From English alcohol, from Middle French alcohol or Spanish alcohol, from the Medieval Latin rendering alcohol of Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈalkɔhɔl/
Noun
alcohol m (plural alcoholau)
- (alcoholic beverages) alcohol
- Synonym: gwirf
Derived terms
- alcoholaidd (“alcoholic”)
- alcoholig (“alcoholic”)
- alcoholiaeth (“alcoholism”)
- dialcohol (“alcohol-free”)
- heb alcohol (“alcohol-free”)
Related terms
- diod feddwol (“intoxicating drink”)
- diod gadarn (“strong drink”)
Mutation
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “alcohol”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies